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- Environmentally conscious Susan has been told that a newelectric car will only generate 6 ounces of greenhouse gases (GHG) permile, but that a standard internal combustion car is double that at 12ounces per mile. However, the nature of electric cars is such that the new technology and electric batteries generate 30,000 lbs. of GHG to manu-facture and another 10,000 lbs. to recycle. A standard car generates only 14,000 lbs. of GHG to manufacture, and recycling with established tech-nology is only 1,000 lbs. Susan is interested in taking a systems approach that considers the life-cycle impact of her decision. How many miles mustshe drive the electric car for it to be the preferable decision in terms ofreducing greenhouse gases?H2 + 02 > H20 for which the equilibrium constant K = 627 at 150 C. Suppose 0.515 mol of H2 and 0.350 mol of 02 were placed in a 2-liter vessel at 80 C. What will the concentrations of all species be once equilibrium is established?Scientists at the Global Footprint Network calculate the energycomponent of our ecological footprint by estimating the amountof ecologically productive land and sea required to absorb thecarbon released from fossil fuel combustion. This translates into4.9 ha of the average American’s 7.2-ha ecological footprint.Another way to think about our footprint, however, is to estimatehow much land would be needed to grow biomass with anenergy content equal to that of the fossil fuel we burn.Assume that you are an average American who burns about6.3 metric tons of oil-equivalent in fossil fuels each year andthat average terrestrial net primary productivity (p. 32) can beexpressedas 0.0037 metric tons/ha/year. Calculate how manyhectares of land it would take to supply our fuel use by presentdayphotosynthetic production. Compare the energy component of your ecological footprintcalculated in this way with the 4.9 ha calculated usingthe method of the Global Footprint Network. Explainwhy results from…
- The current concentration of CO2 in the atmosphere is about 415 ppmv. It has been estimated that annual anthropogenic additions to the atmosphere are about 30 gigatonnes (Gt), of which about 15 Gt are removed into oceans and the terrestrial environment. a) Use these values to estimate the yearly net increase in atmospheric carbon dioxide mixing ratio, in ppmv. (note that 1 Gt = 1015g)What does the term ’leakage’ mean in the context of regulating greenhouse gas emissions? and why is this important to consider?1. What is the independent variable for figure 2? 2. What is the dependent variable for figure 2? 3. Was this graph generated using data collected in the field, laboratory, or was it simulated? Why is this important to consider? 4. Explain what Tp and Tf are. 5. At the E1 threshold, HF and HF-P individuals achieve the same net energy take. Which group reached the threshold slower and why?
- Combining BioEnergy with Carbon Capture and Storage (BECCS) offers theprospect of energy supply with large-scale net negative emissions and in most of the lower RCPs is required to stay below 2 degrees of global warming. But this entails challenges and risks associated with the upstream large-scale provision of the biomass that is used in the CCS facility as well as those associated with the CCS technology itself. In no morethan 1 page (excluding diagrams) discuss the potential role of BECCS in reducing global greenhouse gas emissions from conventional fossil fuel power stations and what issues or barriers need to be addressed to enable this. Some of the points to be addressed include:i. To what extent the technology has been proven at an appropriate scale.ii. What incentives (e.g. what level of carbon price) would be needed to drive the investment needed.3. Ose the Gotta-Have-it checklist we developed in class to show how we can explain the process of burning fuel in each of the systems we talked about below. (It may help to copy the checklist below) Record the Gotta-Have-lt checklist here: 1. H,O (water) 2. Fuel 3. CO, (carbon dioxide) 4. 0, (oxygen) 5. Energy Wood Fuel (forest fire) Food fuel (human body) Automobile Fuel (Engine)With the advent of photosynthesis, the amount of oxygen in the atmosphere has varied over the eons up to 35 % by volume, theoretically leading to larger plants and animals. The current concentration is 21 % oxygen, 78 % nitrogen, and 1 % other gases such as argon and carbon dioxide. Assuming an atmosphere of 16 % oxygen, to the nearest whole number (no decimal) what would be the ideal volume of water (in mL) initially placed in a 25 mL graduated cylinder (assuming the graduation goes up to the lip of the container) for optimal combustion (biggest explosion) if we collected pure hydrogen by displacement as in this experiment? Make sure to account for the stoichiometry of the combustion, that all gases involved are diatomic, and that equal moles of different ideal gases occupy equal volumes at the same temperature. Answer:
- A characteristic of the open-loop system is that it does not use feedback to determine if its output has achieved the desired goal of the input. This means that the system does not observe the output of the processes that it is controlling. Closed-loop systems employ feedback and a reference of correctness. Deviations from the norm are detected and corrections made in order to maintain a desired output. 3) The image shown above is the Carbon cycle. What kind of system is the Carbon cycle? A) open-loop system B) closed-loop system C) unregulated system D) unchecked feedback system not gradedThe concentration of pollutant bacteria c in a lake decreases according to c = 70 e-1.5t + 25 e-0.075t Determine the time required (t) for the bacteria concentration to be reduced to c = 9 using Newton-Raphson method to within &s = 2%. Use initial guess oft= 0.How does the slope of a Lineweaver-Burk line influence initial velocity? A. Increases initial velocity B. Decreases initial velocity C. Does not impact initial velocity, only substrate concentration does D. Only Vmax impacts initial reaction velocity 1/Vo Slope = KM/Vmax 1 Intercept = -1/KM Intercept 1/Vmax = Км 1 = νο + Vmax [S] Vmax y = slope x + intercept 1/[S]