For Questions 5–7 below, consider the following description of a two-goods economy: Assume two consumers with utility functions of the form U*(x1, T2) 2/3 1/3 = x"x° and U' (yı, Y2) = yi y2. 1/32/3 Further, assume the following initial endowments. consumer X is endowed with w = (9, 3) and consumer Y with w = (3,9). %3D

For Questions 5–7 below, consider the following description of a two-goods economy: Assume two consumers with utility functions of the form U*(x1, T2) 2/3 1/3 = x"x° and U' (yı, Y2) = yi y2. 1/32/3 Further, assume the following initial endowments. consumer X is endowed with w = (9, 3) and consumer Y with w = (3,9). %3D

ENGR.ECONOMIC ANALYSIS

14th Edition

ISBN:9780190931919

Author:NEWNAN

Publisher:NEWNAN

Chapter1: Making Economics Decisions

Section: Chapter Questions

Problem 1QTC

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5.18 In a two-good, two-consumer economy, utility functions are u¹ (x₁, x₂) = x₁(x₂)², u² (x₁, x₂) = (x₁)²x₂. Total endowments are (10, 20). (a) A social planner wants to allocate goods to maximise consumer 1's utility while holding con- sumer 2's utility at u² = 8000/27. Find the assignment of goods to consumers that solves the planner's problem and show that the solution is Pareto efficient. (b) Suppose, instead, that the planner just divides the endowments so that e¹ = (10, 0) and e² = (0, 20) and then lets the consumers transact through perfectly competitive markets. Find the Walrasian equilibrium and show that the WEAs are the same as the solution in part (a).
Please answer every part. 4. Consider an economy consisting of two individuals, Ann and Bob, and two goods, scotch and wine. Aun has 5 bottles of scoteh and 2 bottles of wine as her endowment, while Bob has 3 bottles of each. Suppose their preferences are described by the following utility functions uA(s, w) = sw and up(s, w) = s'u. Assume also that the prices of goods scotch and wine are represented by P,= 1 (scotch is the mumeraire), and P>0. a. Sketch the Edgeworth box of the economy with Ann at the lower left corner and Bob at the upper right corner; scotch on the horizontal axis, and wine on the vertical axis. Indicate the endowment point e in the box. b. Write the budget lines for Ann and Bob. e. Solve Ann's utility maximization problem. Expross Ann's optimal consumption bundle in terms of P. d. Solve Bob's utility maximization problem. Express Bob's optimal consumption bundle in terms of P. e. Define competitive equilibrium. Compute and plot the CE for this problem.
2. Consider an economy with two agents and two commodities. Consumers' preferences are represented by the following utility functions u₁(x,x) = (x²) ¹ (x²) ½ u₂(x², x²) = x² + x². Consumers' initial endowments are e² = (6,4). Note: You can normalize the price of one good to 1 at any point when solving this question. e¹ = (10,2) (a) Draw the Edgeworth box that represents this economy. Clearly indicate the size of the box (i.e. the maximal feasible amounts of good 1 and good 2). Show the location of the initial endowment and draw the indifference curve of each consumer that passes through the initial endowment.
For the next three questions, assume that there are two consumers in an economy that have utility functions UA(2,3)=2¹/42/4 U" (x,y)=1¹/2¹/2 The two consumers begin with equal endowments of the two goods === e = 50 29. If the price of z and y were both set to 1, there would be (a) An excess demand for r so the equilibrium price ratio must be less than 1 (b) An excess supply of r so the equilibrium price ratio must be less than 1 (c) An excess demand for y so the equilibrium price ratio must be greater than 1 (d) An excess supply of y so the equilibrium price ratio must be greater than 1 (e) No excess supply or demand for either good, so the equilibrium price ratio is 1 30. What is the equilibrium price ratio? (a) 2/3 (b) 5/2 (c) 3/5 (d) 1 (e) None of these 31. Consumer A increases his endowment of both goods to 100 (e = e = 100). This will cause (a) No change in the equilibrium price ratio (b) The equilibrium price ratio to increase, causing consumer B to decrease their consumption of…
4. Consider a two-consumer, two-good exchange economy. Utility functions and endowments are u'(x1, x2) = (x1x2)² and e' = (18, 4),u²cx1, x2) = In(x1) + 2 In(x2) and e? = (3, 6). (a) Characterize the set of Pareto-efficient allocations as completely as possible. (b) Characterize the core of this economy. (c) Find a Walrasian equilibrium and compute the WEA. (d) Verify that the WEA you found in part (c) is in the core.
Sarah and Andrew are two traders in a pure exchange economic with two goods, Bikes (B) and Computers (C). Sarah's preferences are described by the Cobb-Douglas Utility function: U, = B!³ C?3 1/3 S. Andrew's preferences are given by: UA = B}{²C}2 ´A Assume the price of Bikes is 1 and the price of computers is p. The initial endowments are BA = 10, Bs = 20, CA = 20 and Cs= 10. What is the equilibrium price of computers relative to bikes (p)? %3D %D
Q. Consider two rational behaving consumers, A and B, in a two-good exchange economy. Their utility functions are defined as follows: 1A 2A X1/2X¹/3 X1/3 X2B 1B Their initial endowments are given by w₁ = (8,5) and wB = (4,3). a. Describe the initial condition that will lead to an exchange. After the exchange, how many units of Good 2 will Individual B end up receiving/offering in the final allocation? Elaborate in detail on the steps towards the solution and round up the final answer to two decimal places. UA UB - = b. Sketch an Edgeworth Box precisely showing the initial allocation and the final allocation on the vertical axis. You do not have to sketch the budget constraint and the indifference curves.
4) Consider a pure exchange economy with two goods, (x, y), and two consumers, (1, 2). Consumers' endowments are e1 = (4, 2) and e? = (6, 6) And their preferences are represented by utility functions: u(x, y) = x³y and u(x,y) = x³y$ (d) Set up the utility maximization problem for each consumer and solve for their Marshallian demand functions. (e) Compute the market demand for each good. () State the Walrus law for this economy and explain its economic interpretation. (g) Assume the excess demand for good x is zero, i.e., EDx = 0, and calculate the ratio of prices, i.e., p Ipy . Then, use this ratio of prices to show that the excess demand for good Yis also zero, i.e., EDy= 0. Briefly explain how this relates to the Walrus' law. (h) Given the price ratio found above, calculate the equilibrium allocations and show that feasibility, individual rationality, and Pareto efficiency holds.
2. Consider a two person pure exchange economy with two divisible goods: : a consumer can consume any positive amount of any good The goods are; x1 and x2. The utility function are u' (x1, x2) = x1+Vx2, and u?(x1, x2) = x1 + x2, and the initial endowments are el Pi = 1, compute the competitive equilibrium for this economy. It is to say that you need to find the vector of prices, and allocations that sustain the Walrasian equilibrium. (25, 75) and e? = (75, 25). Assuming
Carol and Bob both consume the same goods in an economy of pure exchange. Carol is initially endowed with 9 units of good 1 and 6 units of good 2. Bob is initially endowed with 18 units of good 1 and 3 units of good 2. They both have the utility function U(x₁, x₂) = 1/3 2/3 x1³x2³. If we set good 1 as the numeraire (so that p. = $1), what will the equilibrium price of good 2 be?
Neha and Sonam consume only Coke and Pepsi in a two person and two goods exchange economy. Neha consumes these two goods in fixed proportions such that she consumes 2 bottles of coke with 1 bottle of Pepsi. Sonam's utility function is given by U = 4P + 3C . In the economy, there is a total of 100 bottles of Pepsi and 200 bottles of Coke. If Neha initially had 60 bottles of Pepsi and 80 bottles of coke, then in the equilibrium position, Sonam will consume: A. between 50 to 60 bottles of Pepsi B. between 52 to 60 bottles of Pepsi C. between 54 to 60 bottles of Pepsi D. between 56 to 60 bottles of Pepsi
Exercise 4 Consider an economy with two consumers, Alexia and Bart, who live two periods, t = 0 and t = 1. In each period they can consume one type of good and their preferences for consumption are given by U (co, c²) = c(c²)² _i = A, B. Alexia and Bart have the following endowment of good in each period M=1, M₁ = 1, MB = 2, MB = 2. In t = 0, Alexia and Bart can exchange a financial contract for the delivery of one unit of consumption good in t = 1 (a bond). Name p the price of the bond and b² the amount bought by agent i = =A, B. (a) Write down each agent's utility maximization and budget constraints assuming that he/she can trade the bond without restrictions. (b) Find each agent's optimal quantity b² as a function of the bond net return r. (c) Find the equilibrium value of r and the equilibrium demand/supply of each agent.