For a non-participant in the labour market, an increase in non-labour income: a) will have an unknown effect because the income and substitution effects oppose one another b) will increase the reservation wage and leave the individual as a non-participant c) will have a large leisure inducing substitution effect d) will reduce hours worked because it is a pure income effect e) will reduce the reservation wage and (depending how big the reduction is) may coax the individual into the labour market
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Aa1)
For a non-participant in the labour market, an increase in non-labour income:
a) will have an unknown effect because the income and substitution effects oppose one another
b) will increase the reservation wage and leave the individual as a non-participant
c) will have a large leisure inducing substitution effect
d) will reduce hours worked because it is a pure income effect
e) will reduce the reservation wage and (depending how big the reduction is) may coax the individual into the labour market
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- SUBSTITUTION AND INCOME EFFECTS OF A WAGE INCREASE When the wage rate increases from $10 to $30 per hour, the worker's budget line shifts from PQ to RQ. In response, the worker moves from A to B while decreasing work hours from 8 to 5. The reduction in hours worked arises because the income effect outweighs the substitution effect. In this case, the supply of labor curve is backward bending. Income (dollars per day) 720 240 w= $30 w= $10 12 16 www. 19 Substitution Effect Income Effect Derive the graph into a backward bending labor supply curve Q 24 Hours of leisureConsider worker 1 with non-labour income Y facing a wage offer w and a utility function defined over consumption and leisure. U(c,l) = lnC + 4lnl a) Derive worker’s income elasticity. Is leisure a normal or inferior good for this worker? b) Provide the functional form of the income effect from a marginal decrease in income. c) Provide the functional form of the substitution and total income effects of a marginal increase in wage.Ms Katrina has eighteen hours available per day to allocate between Leisure and work. She has N$100 non - labour income and her wage rate per hour is N$25.00. a) Contract budget constraint equation b) Draw a budget line and make sure to include intercepts c) Calculate the slope of the budget line d) If Ms Katrina's utility function is , what combination of Leisure hour and income that will help to maximize her utility?
- Winona has 80 hours to divide between leisure and labor. Her utility function is u(r,c) = f(r) + c, when r represents hours of leisure,c represents dollars of consumption, and f is strictly concave. Winona’s wage is w0= $15/hr. initially, then it rises to w1= $20/hr. (i) Explain what happens to Winona’s labor supply when the wage rises,and why. (ii) Explain how the answer to (i) would change if Winona were to win a lottery.Consider worker 1 with non-labour income Y facing a wage offer w and a utility function defined over consumption and leisure. U(c,l) = lnC + 4lnl a.Provide the functional form of the income effect from a marginal decrease in income and provide the functional form of the substitution and total income effects of a marginal increase in wage.Emma is employed at a contract where he can vary his labour supply between 0 and 40 hours per week. She derives utility from consumption, c, and leisure, L. Her preferences are represented by the following utility function: U(c,L) = min(c, L). The unit price of consumption is p, and the hourly wage rate is w. (a) Derive an expression for Emma's labour supply. (b) The government contemplates introducing a consumption boosting policy including a monthly transfer of money for which Emma is eligible. At what size of the transfer will Emma decide to not work? Assume that the unit price of consumption is 30 and the hourly wage rate is 50
- Consider worker 1 with non-labour income Y facing a wage offer w and a utility function defined over consumption and leisure. U(c,l) = lnC + 4lnl a) Compare worker 1 with worker 2 whose utility function is described by U(c,l) = cl. Which worker places a higher value on labour market work? b) Suppose the worker participates in the labour market. Derive worker’s compensated labor supply function and the compensated labour supply elasticity with respect to wage as a function of utility level and wage. c) Derive worker’s uncompensated labour supply function (for labour market participants and non-participants) and the uncompensated labour supply elasticity (for labor market participants) with respect to wage as a function of non-labour income and wage.Consider worker 1 with non-labour income Y facing a wage offer w and a utility function defined over consumption and leisure. U(c,l) = lnC + 4lnl Derive worker’s income elasticity. Is leisure a normal or inferior good for this worker?An individual’s labour supply curve is positively sloped when: (2)(1) The substitution effect of a wage increase is positive;(2) The substitution effect is greater than the income effect;(3) The income effect of wage increase is negative;(4) The substitution effect is less than the income effect.
- a) If Kyeiwaa has GhC 50 of non-labor income per week, and she faces a market wage rate of GhC 5 per hour; and has 110 hours of nonsleeping hours to allocate between work and leisure activities (assuming she sleeps roughly 8hours per day) b) Write down the budget equation for Kyeiwaa c) Graph Kyeiwaa 's budget line. d) Assuming leisure is a normal good (with the aid of a graph), describe what will happen to Kyeiwaa 's hours of work if her non-labour income increases. e) If Kyeiwaa 's substitution effect dominates her income effect, with the aid of a diagram describe what will happen to her hours of work when her wage increases.Suppose that following represents the utility function of the individual U(c,l)=log(c)+log(l) c = consumption level of the individual and l = leisure, while the market wage is 10 and available time is 20. 1) Find and draw the labor supply function. 2) Suppose that the government introduces a cash grant for the labor (who is in the labor force) in the amount of R. Find and draw the labor supply function? Compare it to the labor supply function you have found in a). 3) Discuss the existence of reservation wage in the settings described in a and b? If your answer is : “there are no reservation wages under those settings”, please introduce a change in the policy described in b) to make sure that the reservation wage would exist.Question 1 A firm wishes to produce to Q units of output using two inputs - ₁ and ₂. The prices of the inputs are w₁ and w₂ respectively. Assuming the firm wants to keep its current production target, show the effect on the firm's optimal input choice in a diagram if the price of factor x₁ increases. In a separate diagram, derive the conditional factor demand for input x₁, i.e., the relationship between price of x₁ and quantity demanded for ₁.