Following the notation seen in class, we have a block cipher that is chained in this way: = Pe XOR ECCPe XOR IV), K) C - P, XOR EC(P: XOR ), K) - P2 XOR ECCP: XOR C), K) %3D %3D Would it be suitable to be used as MAC (Message Authentication Code)? O No, because you cannot compute the CBC residue O It depends by the value IV Yes O No
Q: se Alice computes the Secret suffix MAC (page 322: secret suffix MAC(x) = h(x || key)) for the…
A: There is no encryption performed by Alice. Therefore the information sent by alice is FMC
Q: Implement Playfair Cipher to get the ciphertext. Here, plaintext and key is given. Plaintext =…
A: Plaintext : "Fitness is the key" Since spaces are prohibited, assume plaintext to be :…
Q: Consider to use RSA with a known key IK to construct a cryptographic hash function H as follow:…
A:
Q: Determine the appropriate criteria for a cryptographic hash function h. We can find…
A: We need to find the appropriate criteria for a cryptographic hash function. The Given Options are…
Q: In the Affine Cipher, To decrypt a message, we use: O f(p) = (ap + b) mod 26, %3D O f(p) = (ap * b)…
A: The affine cipher is a type of monoalphabetic substitution cipher, where each letter in an alphabet…
Q: 5. Monoalphabetic ciphers are stronger than Polyalphabetic ciphers because frequency analysis is…
A: Question 5. Monoalphabetic ciphers are stronger than Polyalphabetic ciphers because frequency…
Q: We want to set up RSA cryptosystem in a network of n users. a. How many prime numbers do we have to…
A: Answer: RSA cryptosystem in network of n user. we can generate key for user very large but some…
Q: Suppose your RSA public key is PK: {n, e} = {13861, 37}. Your friend sends you a ciphertext C =…
A: a) n=13861(given)e=37n=p*qn=167*83 b) e=37(given) RSA uses the Euler φ function of n to calculate…
Q: i) If someone wants to send the following message: “SELLALL” using your public key, what strings of…
A: We already have below information: • p = 37199• q = 49031• N = p · q = 1823904169• (p − 1) · (q − 1)…
Q: A cryptography student has accidentally used the same keystream to encrypt two different messages,…
A: Given: C1=0x4ab397cf20db1ce0 C2=0x2f7fded503744af5 M1=0xbc66dac8daeee8e2 Solution: a)Using the…
Q: Message encryption alone does not necessarly provide a secure form of authentication. True False A…
A: True
Q: Q3. Given the design of Feistel cipher of DES encryption, assume that the function simply ORs Right…
A:
Q: write a program called hw6.py that enables you to encrypt messages using a substitution cipher.
A: Algorithm for Substitution Cipher:Input: A String of both lower and upper case letters, called…
Q: Given that the message " ATTACK AT DAWN " and the key is given as decryption cipher text of…
A: We use C for this.
Q: Hariz sends his message to Harraz by encrypting the message using Transposition Cipher with a key…
A:
Q: Vote: The notation from this problem is from Understanding Cryptography by Paar and Pelzl. uct a…
A:
Q: In a public key, cryptosystem using RSA algorithm, user uses two prime numbers 5 and 7. He chooses…
A: RSA Encryption Algorithm RSA Data Security invented RSA encryption, which is a public-key…
Q: Suppose Alice computes the Secret suffix MAC (page 322: secret suffix MAC(x) = h(x || key)) for the…
A: There is no encryption performed by Alice. Therefore the information sent by alice is FMC
Q: Suppose your RSA public key is PK: {n, e} = {13861, 37}. Your friend sends you a ciphertext C =…
A: a) n=13861(given)e=37n=p*qn=167*83 b) e=37(given) RSA uses the Euler φ function of n to calculate…
Q: Suppose an attacker wants to break a cryptographic schemex (Gen, Enc, Dec). The attacker kow that…
A: attacker wants to break a cryptography scheme and attacker knows that for some message m and…
Q: In a special case of a permutation cipher, we take a message, M, and write its letters in an s× t…
A: Given, message M= ATTA CKAT DAWNsecret key S= (3,4)Encryption:arrange the message in table…
Q: In block ciphers, if we use AES for encryption, it does not matter whether the cipher is CBC-based…
A: In block ciphers, if we use AES for encryption, it does not matter whether the cipher is CBC-based…
Q: Question 3: Caesar Cipher we write the message and then shift the alphabet by some specified number…
A: The cryptanalysis is trying, again and again, to decrypt to message, there nothing stops the…
Q: Now consider the opposite problem: using an encryption algorithm to construct a oneway hash…
A:
Q: Suppose Alice computes the Secret suffix MAC (page 322: secret suffix MAC(x) = h(x || key)) for the…
A: Alice Clicks on a link on Bob’s bookstore website to check on a price. Bob Sends the webpage (not…
Q: In the context of the ElGamal signature, the public key is (257, 76, x), where "x" is not known to…
A: Yes there a re-use of the ephemeral key The ElGamal signature scheme allows that a verifier can…
Q: Alice and Bob are strangers. Alice wants Bob to send her a private message A and be able to verify…
A: The answer is given below for the above given question:
Q: Note: The notation from this problem is from Understanding Cryptography by Paar and Pelzl. We…
A: Explanation: Plain text = 11100010 Ciphertext = 11010110 -------------- XOR…
Q: Suppose that you receive a digital certificate that contains M and (h(M)]CA, where M = (Alice,…
A: Identifying the sender of certificate in a digital certificate The digital certificate contains M…
Q: Use RSA cipher from the example we did in class to translate the following message into numeric…
A: According to the Question below the Solution:
Q: Implement a known plaintext attack on the hill cipher. Plaintext = "how are you today" and…
A: Below is the perfectely working code for the problem :
Q: The Signal messaging protocol uses two kinds of ratcheting to update the keys used to protect…
A: Email PGP stands for Preety good privacy. PGP is used for encryption, decryption and authentication.…
Q: a) Decode the message ASKNOXAOXJ given that it is a Hill 2-cipher with enciphering matrix (32),…
A: a) Given that, The plain text is ASKNOXAOXJ Given enciphering matrix is 4132 A=0, B=1 .... Z=25,…
Q: One time Let (E, D) be a (one-time) secure cipher where the message and ciphertext space is {0, 1}".…
A: {E,D} be a (one-time) secure cipher where the message and ciphertext space is {0,1}n
Q: Suppose we have the encoding that enables Carol to mount the cube root attack (see The Cube Root…
A:
Q: In the Elgamal encryption scheme, Bob's public key is fixed, but Alice uses a fresh random i e…
A: According to the question we have to explain What happens according to given scenario if Alice uses…
Q: In an affine cipher, if k = (a, b) = (3, 7), then what is the encryption of x=9. Answer by typing…
A: An affine cipher, (like a shift cipher), is an example of a substitution cipher: In encryption using…
Q: Using public key cryptography, X adds a digital signature s to message M, encrypts , and sends it to…
A: Solution : (D) Is the correct option. Using public key #cryptography, X adds a digital signature…
Q: By using Row transposition encryption method, calculate the ciphertext of plaintext "we are :doing…
A: Given, A plaint text "we are doing our exam". Using Row Transposition encryption, find the…
Q: Let E'(T,X) be a tweakable block cipher that has already been keyed. Given plaintext P = P1 || P2 ||…
A: First Block of Plaintext: 67 67 in binary is: 01000011 So, E'(T,X): E'(1, 67): Rotate 67 left 2…
Q: find out that your University is using an authenticated messaging system that is vulnerable to a…
A: Answer:-
Q: Suppose Alice computes the Secret suffix MAC (page 322: secret suffix MAC(x) = h(x || key)) for the…
A: Below is the answer to above question. I hope this will helpful for you...
Q: A malicious entity learned that his target constructed his password by using characters in the set…
A:
Q: Use the Caesar cipher (single coding) with an encryption key, K=9, what will be the encryption for…
A: In Caeser cipher, each letter present within the message is replaced by the letter present at the…
Q: a) Write down a possible condition of factors p and q. p= q= b) What is your private key SK: {d}? d=…
A: a) n=13861(given)e=37n=p*qn=167*83 b) e=37(given) RSA uses the Euler φ function of n to calculate…
Trending now
This is a popular solution!
Step by step
Solved in 2 steps
- Substitution Cipher is an old technique that substitutes one thing for another. For example, alphabet messages can be ciphered by applying the following substitution. plaintext: abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz | | V Vciphertext: mnbvcxzasdfghjklpoiuytrewq However, this type of ciphering produces patterns since the same plaintext strings produce the same cipher text. Polyalphabetic Cipher, on the other hand mitigates this problem as plaintext characters are not always replaced with the same cipher text character. The replacement of each character dependson a key as well as on the position of the character in the text; for example, by using a formula such as: for (int i=0; i < length of P; i++) C[i] = P[i] + K + (i mod 3) In essence, if the key, K, is choses as K=10, then 10 is added to characters in position 0, 3, 6, …; and 11 is added for those in…Write a program (Java, C) which the following 4 password breaking cases are implemented. The password file should contain 6-digit numbers only (from 000000 to 999999) and assume that the attacker knows that. MD5 pre-implemented open-source hash algorithm should be used. If applicable, For each case what Alice’s password is, what the salts are (if you use random text generator, you need to provide the range only). Test your program and make sure that you break the target passwords in every case. Add a wild guess for the time you break the target password(s) for every case. Case I: Trudy wants to determine Alice's password. Trudy does not use her dictionary 256/2 255 expected work Case II: Trudy wants to determine Alice's password. Trudy uses her dictionary If Alice's password is in the dictionary - 219 Else - 255 Total 1/4(219)+3/4 (255) ≈ 254.6 Case III: Trudy wants to determine any of the 1024 password in the file. Trudy does not use her dictionary If passwords were hashed…Write a program in which the four password breaking cases that we discussed in the lecture are implemented. The password file should contain 6-digit numbers only (from 000000 to 999999) and assume that the attacker knows that. You can use any pre-implemented open-source hash algorithm such as MD5 or SHA-256. I encourage you to use MD5 since it is faster than SHA-256. Your dictionary should contain 21ºpasswords. Your system has 2° users.
- Part I Assume that a N × M matrix is stored in a file. However, the file is corrupted somehow, and some numbers replaced with asterisk symbol (*). Write a method that reads given corrupted file and fills the missing data with the average of the column. For example, given matrix 1 2 3 4 6 7 8 10 11 12, missing data should be replaced with 2++11 = 7. Part II Assume that multiple messages are encrypted with Ceaser ciphering' and stored in a file. Write a method that deciphers the messages with given shift value. Note: Use English alphabet with only lower-case characters.Part I Assume that a N x M matrix is stored in a file. However, the file is corrupted somehow, and some numbers replaced with asterisk symbol (*). Write a method that reads given corrupted file and fills the missing data with the average of the column. For example, given matrix 1 3 4 6 7 8. 10 11 12, missing data should be replaced with 2+8+11 = 7. Part II Assume that multiple messages are encrypted with Ceaser ciphering' and stored in a file. Write a method that deciphers the messages with given shift value. Note: Use English alphabet with only lower-case characters. Part III Assume that multiple arithmetic operations? are stored in a file. However, some of the results are wrong. Write a method that finds the operations which the results are wrong in given file. For example, given operations 1.0 + 2.0 4.0 2.5 + 2.5 5.0 3.0 / 2.0 1.0 %D the method should return 0th and 2nd line strings. Note: Do not round the numbers in any step of the calculation.Use RSA cryptography with public key p = 11 q = 13 and e = 23 to encrypt your unique student number. You need to remove all the consecutive zeros in the middle of the student number, then divide your student number into the blocks of two-digits from left to right. Afterwards, you will need to encrypt the resulted list of numbers by RSA. For example, the student number 13060009867 becomes the list of [13, 6, 98, 67]. Then you need to directly encrypt the numbers 13, 6 , 98 and 67 by RSA.
- Deduce a Java program for the concept of Mutual Exclusion by using the following options. ▪ Synchronized method. ▪ Synchronized block. ▪ Static Synchronizationa) Implement Playfair Cipher to get the ciphertext. Here, plaintext and key is given. Plaintext = "Fitness is the key", Key = "CRYPT".In class HashTable implement a hash table and consider the following:(i) Keys are integers (therefore also negative!) and should be stored in the tableint[] data.(ii) As a hash function take h(x) = (x · 701) mod 2000. The size of the table istherefore 2000. Be careful when computing the index of a negative key. Forexample, the index of the key x = −10 ish(−10) = (−7010) mod 2000 = (2000(−4) + 990) mod 2000 = 990.Hence, indices should be non-negative integers between 0 and 1999!(iii) Implement insert, which takes an integer and inserts it into a table. Themethod returns true, if the insertion is successful. If an element is already inthe table, the function insert should return false.(iv) Implement search, which takes an integer and finds it in the table. The methodreturns true, if the search is successful and false otherwise.(v) Implement delete, which takes an integer and deletes it form the table. Themethod returns true, if the deletion is successful and false otherwise.(vi)…
- Create an object of MessageDigest class using the java.security.MessageDigest library. Initialize the object with your selection for an appropriate algorithm cipher. Use the digest() method of the class to generate a hash value of byte type from the unique data string (your first and last name). Convert the hash value to hex using the bytesToHex function. Create a RESTFul route using the @RequestMapping method to generate and return the required information, which includes the hash value, to the web browser. Here, is the code to edit package com.snhu.sslserver; import org.springframework.boot.SpringApplication;import org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.SpringBootApplication;import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMapping;import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RestController; @SpringBootApplicationpublic class ServerApplication { public static void main(String[] args) { SpringApplication.run(ServerApplication.class, args); } }…Text Encryption Encryption plays an important role in protecting messages that are transmitted across the network. There are many symmetric and asymmetric encryption techniques that can be used in order to encrypt text messages. Some of these techniques are Caesar, Rows-Columns Transposition, Rail- fence, and Playfair cipher encryption as well as advance encryption algorithms. In this project, you are required to write a code that is capable of encrypting any given text (or text file) into a cipher text using any two different methods. You should prompt the user to choose the method that they would like to encrypt their text from a given list. Challenge: develop your code to decrypt the cipher text that is encrypted above Example: Assume the text TO SERVE AND TO PROTECT is required to be encrypted using Row-Column with the password ALERT Then the text message in Rows-Columns Transposition will become: TVTTSAPCOEOEENRTRDOX. The same text message in Rail-fence with depth of 4 would…using c++ We need to build a server that can store secret notes for users. The server can store/show/deletethe secret notes when the user enters his credentials. You can store the users’ credentials (username andpassword) in plaintext on the server. So, when the user enters the username and password, the serverretrieves the user’s notes and prints it.Storing the user’s credentials as plain text is not a secure strategy. If someone could hack the server, itcould easily find the stored credentials and unravel all the user’s secret notes. One better strategy is toencrypt the credentials using the hashing and store the hashed credentials instead of the plaintextcredentials.You are required to build a hash function that takes the credentials and converts it to a hash indexwhich represents the user’s name and password.Construct a server (class) that has the following:- credentials_file_path: string; where this file contains the hash_index,secret_notes_file_path for each secret note.- table:…