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Algal blooms can have negative effects on an ecosystem by dominating its phytoplankton communities. Gonyostomum semen is a nuisance alga infesting many parts of northern Europe. Could the overall biomass of G. semen be controlled by grazing zooplankton species? A research team examined the relationship between the net growth rate of G. semen and the number of Daphnia magna grazers introduced in test tubes. Net growth rate was computed by comparing the initial and final abundance of G. semen in the experiment, with a negative value indicative of a decrease in abundance. The study also examined the grazing effect of another species, Daphnia pulex, on the abundance of the nuisance alga G. semen in the lab. The table displays the findings
| Number of D. pulex grazers | 0 | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 |
| Net growth rate of G. semen | -0.7 | -0.4 | -0.6 | -0.3 | -0.5 | -1.0 | -0.2 |
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- Is carbon dating? Why does it work? Give an example in which carbon dating would be useful.Algal blooms can have negative effects on an ecosystem by dominating its phytoplankton communities. Gonyostomum semen is a nuisance alga infesting many parts of northern Europe. Could the overall biomass of G. semen be controlled by grazing zooplankton species? A research team examined the relationship between the net growth rate of G. semen and the number of Daphnia magna grazers introduced in test tubes. Net growth rate was computed by comparing the initial and final abundance of G. semen in the experiment, with a negative value indicative of a decrease in abundance. The table contains the findings. Number of D. magnagrazers 1 2 3 4 5 6 Net growth rate of G. semen -1.9 -2.5 -2.2 -3.9 -4.1 -4.3 Find the correlation, ?. Use decimal notation. (Enter your answer rounded to three decimal places.)Environmental conditions can affect the growth of coral. To study this, a researcher examined a species of coral that is found in the Caribbean Sea and the Gulf of Mexico. At 12 localities, he determined the average annual calcification rate of coral over a period of several years and the average annual maximum sea surface temperature during the same period. Calcification rate affects the growth of coral, with higher rates corresponding to greater growth. The table contains data for these 12 localities. Maximum sea surface temperature (°C) and calcification rate (g cm² yr¯¹) Maximum Sea Surface Temperature 29.4 29.4 29.4 29.6 29.1 28.7 Calcification Rate 1.48 1.53 1.52 1.48 1.31 1.25 Maximum Sea Surface Temperature 29.7 29.5 29.4 29.0 29.0 29.0 Calcification Rate 1.63 1.53 1.46 1.24 1.29 1.12 To access the complete data set, click the link for your preferred software format: Excel Minitab JMP SPSS TI R Mac-TXT PC-TXT CSV CrunchIt! The residuals for average annual maximum sea surface…
- Researchers collected data to examine the relationship between pollutants and preterm births in Southern California. During the study air pollution levels were measured by air quality monitoring stations. Specifically, levels of carbon monoxide were recorded in parts per million, nitrogen dioxide and ozone in parts per hundred million, and coarse particulate matter PM10 in µg/m3. Length of gestation data were collected on 143,196 births between the years 1989 and 1993, and air pollution exposure during gestation was calculated for each birth. The analysis suggested that increased ambient PM10 and, to a lesser degree, CO concentrations may be associated with the occurrence of preterm births. a. The paragraph above describes an O A. Observational Study B. Experiment b. The cases in this research are OA. Air pollution exposure during gestation B. Each birth between 1989 and 1993 C. Each type of pollution measured by air quality monitoring stations D. Each year between 1989 and 1993 c.…Assume we have data demonstrating a strong linear link between the amount of fertilizer applied to certain plants and their yield. Which is the independent variable in this research question?Strands of human hair absorb elements from the bloodstream and provide a historical record of both health and the use or nonuse of chemical substances. Hair grows at the rate of about one – half inch per month, and a person with long hair might be accused or absolved on the basis of a segment of hair that sprouted many months or years ago. By separately analyzing sections of the hair strand, scientists can even approximate the periods of time during which drug use was heavy, moderate, light or altogether absent. If a transit employee provides a strand of hair for drug testing, state the null and alternative hypothesis in verbal terms, then identify what would constitute a Type I error and Type II error in this situation.
- An experiment is conducted to see the effect of light intensity on plant growth, what is the dependent variable in this scenario?Mercury is a persistent and dispersive environmental contaminant found in many ecosystems around the world. When released as an industrial by-product, it often finds its way into aquatic systems where it can have deleterious effects on various avian and aquatic species. The accompanying data on blood mercury concentration (µg/g) for adult females near contaminated rivers in a state was read from a graph in an article. 0.20 0.23 0.26 0.30 0.35 0.41 0.54 0.57 1.43 1.70 1.84 2.20 2.24 3.08 3.26 (a) Determine the values of the sample mean and sample median. [Hint: Σxi = 18.61.] (Round your answers to four decimal places.) - x = ? ~ x = ? Explain why they are different. There is heavy positive skewness in the data. They aren't different since the data is symmetric. There are an odd number of data values. There is heavy negative skewness in the data. The sample mean and sample median are never equal. (b) Determine the value of the 10% trimmed mean. (Round your answer to…Archaeologists can determine the diets of ancient civilizations by measuring the ratio of carbon-13 to carbon-12 in bones found at burial sites. Large amounts of carbon-13 suggest a diet rich in grasses such as maize, while small amounts suggest a diet based on herbaceous plants. The article "Climate and Diet in Fremont Prehistory: Economic Variability and Abandonment of Maize Agriculture in the Great Salt Lake Basin" (J. Coltrain and S. Leavitt, American Antiquity, 2002:453-485) reports ratios, as a difference from a standard in units of parts per thousand, for bones from individuals in several age groups. The data are presented in the following table. Ratio Age Group (years) 0-11 17.2 18.4 17.9 16.6 19.0 18.3 13.6 13.5 18.5 19.1 19.1 13.4 12-24 14.8 17.6 18.3 17.2 10.0 11.3 10.2 17.0 18.9 19.2 25-45 18.4 13.0 14.8 18.4 12.8 17.6 18.8 179 18.5 17.5 18.3 15.2 10.8 19.8 1 19.2 15.4 13.2 46+ 15.5 18.2 12.7 15.1 18.2 18.0 14.4 10.2 16.7 Construct an ANOVA table. You may give a range for…
- Mercury is a persistent and dispersive environmental contaminant found in many ecosystems around the world. When released as an industrial by-product, it often finds its way into aquatic systems where it can have deleterious effects on various avian and aquatic species. The accompanying data on blood mercury concentration (µg/g) for adult females near contaminated rivers in a state was read from a graph in an article. 0.20 0.23 0.24 0.30 0.35 0.41 0.54 0.57 1.43 1.70 1.82 2.20 2.24 3.08 3.24 (a) Determine the values of the sample mean and sample median. Hint: xi = 18.55. (Round your answers to four decimal places.) x== Explain why they are different. The sample mean and sample median are never equal.They aren't different since the data is symmetric. There is heavy negative skewness in the data.There are an odd number of data values.There is heavy positive skewness in the data. (b) Determine the value of the 10% trimmed mean.…An important issue in conservation biology is how dispersal among populations influences the persistence of species in a fragmented landscape. Molofsky and Ferdy (2005) measured this in the annual plant, Cardamine pensylvanica, a weed that produces explosively dispersed seeds. Four treatments were used to manipulate seed dispersal by changing the distance among experimental plant populations. These treatments were adjacent (continuous treatment), separated by 23.2 cm (medium), separated by 49.5 cm (long), or separated by partitions that blocked all seed dispersal among populations (isolated). Treatments were randomly assigned to plant populations. The data shown are the number of generations that the populations persisted in six replicates of each treatment. Test whether the persistence of species differ with distance among experimental plant populations at 5% significance level. Conduct a follow up analysis when necessary. Treatment Generations persisted Isolated 9 8 8 8 8 Medium 14…Fungal Growth Because of the time that many people spend indoors, there is a concern about the health risk of being ex- posed to harmful fungi that thrive in buildings. The risk appears to increase in damp environments. Researchers have discov- ered that by controlling both the temperature and the relative humidity in a building, the growth of the fungus A. versicolor can be limited. The relationship between temperature and rela- tive humidity, which limits growth, can be described by R(T) = -0.00007T³ + 0.0401T² – 1.65727 + 97.086, 15 < T < 46, where R(T) is the relative humidity (in percent) and T is the temperature (in degrees Celsius). Find the temperature at which the relative humidity is minimized. Source: Applied and Envi- ronmental Microbiology.
