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- Explain the concept of versioning in object serialization. How can versioning issues be addressed when evolving a software application that relies on serialized objects?Explain the concept of versioning in object serialization and how it helps maintain compatibility between different versions of serialized objects.3. Index records comprise search-key values and data pointers. Multilevel index is stored on the disk along with the actual database files. As the size of the database grows, so does the size of the indices. If single-level index is used, then a large size index cannot be kept in memory which leads to multiple disk accesses. Multi-level Index helps in breaking down the index into several smaller indices in order to make the outermost level so small that it can be saved in a single disk block, which can easily be accommodated anywhere in the main memory. Why is there an immense need to keep the index records in the main memory?
- Explain the concept of versioning in object serialization and how it can be managed to ensure backward and forward compatibility of serialized objects.The specification for a typical disk storage system is shown in Table P18.1. An employee file consisting of 100,000 records is stored on the disk. The employee record structure and the size of the fields in bytes (shown in brackets) are given below: Employee Employee Designation Address Basic number name pay (6) (10) (30) (6) (20) External Sorting 217 Allowances Deductions Number of platters Number of cylinders Number of tracks (surfaces)/cylinder Number of sectors/track Number of bytes/sector Maximum seek time Average seek time Maximum Latency time Average latency time Time to read/write a sector (20) 6 800 10 50 512 50 ms 25 ms 16.66 ms 8.33 ms 0.33 ms Table P18.1. Specifications of a typical disk storage system Total salary (20) (6) a) What is the storage space (in terms of bytes) needed to store the employee file in the disk? b) What is the storage space (in terms of cylinders) needed to store the employee file in the disk?Attributes associated with a file can be maintained in several places as discussed inthe course content:a. Within the set of open file descriptorsb. Within the system-wide file table entry for the filec. Within the ‘i-node’ (or ‘v-node’)These attributes can be associated with the actual file (e.g. the file size), or can be associatedwith an open instance of the file (e.g. whether the file is opened for reading or writing, whether thefile is opened for non-blocking I/O, etc.).What would be preferred location of the following attributes of a file and why? Discuss anytradeoffs if that attribute could be in more than one of the above.a. The owner of the file.b. The “read/write” pointer of the open file.c. Whether the file is opened for reading, writing, or both.
- Give Advantages of using pointers in file organization as compare to sequential file organization.The specification for a typical disk storage system is shown in Table P18.1. An employee file consisting of 100,000 records is stored on the disk. The employee record structure and the size of the fields in bytes (shown in brackets) are given below: Employee Employee number name (6) (20) Designation Address (10) (30) Basic pay (6) Number of platters Number of cylinders Allowances Deductions (20) Number of tracks (surfaces)/cylinder Number of sectors/track Number of bytes/sector Maximum seek time Average seek time Maximum Latency time Average latency time Time to read/write a sector 6 800 10 50 512 50 ms 25 ms 16.66 ms 8.33 ms 0.33 ms (20) Total salary (6) a) What is the storage space (in terms of bytes) needed to store the employee file in the disk? b) What is the storage space (in terms of cylinders) needed to store the employee file in the disk?Using C++ and data structures, with stacks, trees, graphs, linked list, classes as see fit, write a program: One (1) example of a CPU scheduling algorithm (for example SJF or RR). A simulation of process synchronization. A simulation of a Storage Management scheme Provide source code and a description of the simulations and how it seeks to demonstrate the chosen OS principle. You must submit screenshots within your documentation in this section of your running code to enhance the understanding.
- Compute total no of blocks} Consider a file of 8192 records. Each record is 16 bytes long and its key field Is of size 6 bytes. The file is ordered on a key field, and the file organization is unspanned. The file is stored in a file system with block size 512 bytes, and the size of a block pointer is 10 bytes. If the primary index is built on the key field of the file, and a multilevel index scheme is used to store the primary index, number of first-level and second level blocks in the multilovel index are the respectively 16 and 1 b. 32 and 1 16 and 2 8 and 1 c. d.find the smallest, largest,last modified and oldest file in a directory in C language you must use opendir(), readdir() and stat() to select out the specific files matching the stated criteria. Once you have found the 4 targets, then you should list out the files in "long format" similar to what you would see if you did an "ls -l" for the specific file. Your code should also identify which criteria is being met for each output.What is the impact of a "log-based" file system?