Fatigue is not well understood. Some factors that have been proposed to explain the fall in force during fatigue include: changes in the 'sense of effort', loss of 'central drive', failure of neuromuscular propagation, reduction in calcium release in excitation- contraction coupling, metabolic changes in the muscle, and reduction in muscle blood flow owing to compression of blood vessels. 1. Do your experiments help to decide which factors are important?

Fatigue is not well understood. Some factors that have been proposed to explain the fall in force during fatigue include: changes in the 'sense of effort', loss of 'central drive', failure of neuromuscular propagation, reduction in calcium release in excitation- contraction coupling, metabolic changes in the muscle, and reduction in muscle blood flow owing to compression of blood vessels. 1. Do your experiments help to decide which factors are important?

Biology: The Dynamic Science (MindTap Course List)

4th Edition

ISBN:9781305389892

Author:Peter J. Russell, Paul E. Hertz, Beverly McMillan

Publisher:Peter J. Russell, Paul E. Hertz, Beverly McMillan

Chapter43: Muscles, Bones, And Body Movements

Section: Chapter Questions

Problem 6TYK

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.. The difference between FF (type II, glycolytic) motor unit and S (type I) motor unit is that a S motor unit does not have? A more mitochondria within fibers more myoglobin within fibers C) a greater innervation ratio more capillaries around each fiber.
Hardly needed.. 1. Which of the following is a possible way to distinguish between muscle types? A) Skeletal muscle can contract via peristalsis, while smooth muscle cannot. B) Skeletal muscle contraction depends on motor neuron stimulation, while cardiac muscle does not. C) Cardiac muscle cells are syncytial, while smooth muscle cells are not. D) Cardiac muscle contractions are regulated by influxes of calcium, while smooth muscle is not.
1. Draw and label the steps of the sliding filament mechanism in skeletal muscle. This should be four parts (Cross- bridge, power stroke, disassociation, reactivation). On each part, be sure to include the following structures: actin, myosin, troponin, tropomyosin. Also include ATP, myosin ATPase, ADP, Pi, and H* (where important). • Cross-bridge: . Powerstroke: ● Disassociation: ● Reactivation:
Which of the following step(s) about the excitation of skeletal muscle is/are incorrect? 1. Acetylcholine is released and binds to motor end plate receptors 2. An action potential is created and moves down T-tubules 3. Calcium is released from the sarcoplasmic reticulum 4. Calcium ions bind to tropomyosin to shift troponin off the binding sites for cross-bridging 5. Myosin forms cross-bridges and binds with actin to pull it towards middle of sarcomere
Which of the following statements is FALSE regarding skeletal muscle contraction? O a. Calcium binds troponin specifically on a calcium binding site which then leads to tropomyosin movement O b. The action potential of a motor nerve is transmitted to a muscle fibre through the neuromuscular junction which is a fusion of nerve and muscle cell membranes O c. Fine motor movement/control is a result of recruiting smaller motor units O d. Calcium is pumped into storage soon after it is released to the cytoplasm
In order to study and understand muscle diseases, one needs to have a good understanding of normal muscle function. Briefly outline the process of cross-bridge cycling in muscle contraction. Be sure to highlight the role of Ca2+ and ATP/ADP in the process.
Muscle fatigue occurs because of.. A relative deficit of ATP Excessive accumulation of lactic acid Ionic imbalances Depletion of nutient stores All of the above
VII. Real life problem. You are a trainer and are called on to the field where a player is down with a severe cramp of his right hamstring (biceps femoris) muscle. You know that cramps are caused by over-active motor nerve activity to the muscle. Your associates want to stretch the cramping hamstring, but you say, “No! I want the player to concentrate on contracting his right quadriceps muscles before we stretch.” 2. Why would contracting the opposing muscle rapidly improve the situation?
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2. compare excitation contraction coupling and relaxation in cardiac and skeletal muscles. Include similarities and differences. Make a chart Mention action potential generation, sarcoplasmic reticulum, calcium, troponin, tropomyosin, myosin, actin, crossbridge formation, Calcium ATPase (CaATPase), Sodium-Calcium-Exchanger (NCX), t-tubules.
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