Ethers (general formula R—O—R)have many important uses. Until recently,methyl tert-butyl ether (MTBE, right)was used as an octane booster and fueladditive for gasoline. It increases the oxy-gen content of the fuel, which reducesCO emissions. MTBE is synthesized bythe catalyzed reaction of 2-methylpropene with methanol.(a) Write a balanced equation for the synthesis of MTBE. (Hint:Alcohols add to alkenes similarly to the way water does.)(b) If the government required that auto fuel mixtures contain2.7% oxygen by mass to reduce CO emissions, how many gramsof MTBE would have to be added to each 100. g of gasoline?(c) How many liters of MTBE would be in each liter of fuel mix-ture? (The density of both gasoline and MTBE is 0.740 g/mL.)(d) How many liters of air (21% O₂ by volume) are needed at24C and 1.00 atm to fully combust 1.00 L of MTBE?

Ethers (general formula R—O—R)have many important uses. Until recently,methyl tert-butyl ether (MTBE, right)was used as an octane booster and fueladditive for gasoline. It increases the oxy-gen content of the fuel, which reducesCO emissions. MTBE is synthesized bythe catalyzed reaction of 2-methylpropene with methanol.(a) Write a balanced equation for the synthesis of MTBE. (Hint:Alcohols add to alkenes similarly to the way water does.)(b) If the government required that auto fuel mixtures contain2.7% oxygen by mass to reduce CO emissions, how many gramsof MTBE would have to be added to each 100. g of gasoline?(c) How many liters of MTBE would be in each liter of fuel mix-ture? (The density of both gasoline and MTBE is 0.740 g/mL.)(d) How many liters of air (21% O₂ by volume) are needed at24C and 1.00 atm to fully combust 1.00 L of MTBE?

Chemistry: Principles and Practice

3rd Edition

ISBN:9780534420123

Author:Daniel L. Reger, Scott R. Goode, David W. Ball, Edward Mercer

Publisher:Daniel L. Reger, Scott R. Goode, David W. Ball, Edward Mercer

Chapter22: Organic Chemistry And Biochemistry

Section: Chapter Questions

Problem 52QE

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3 Ethers (general formula R—O—R,) have many important uses. Until recently, methyl tert-butyl ether (MTBE, below) was used as an octane booster and fuel additive for gasoline. It increases the oxygen content of the fuel, which reduces CO emissions. MTBE is synthesized by the catalyzed reaction of 2-methylpropene with methanol.(a) Write a balanced equation for the synthesis of MTBE. (Hint: Alcohols add to alkenes similarly to the way water does.)
2. Write the structure for the most oxidized organic product when each of the following is reacted with potassium dichro- mate. Write NR if no reaction occurs.(a) methanol (b) ethyl alcohol (c) 2,3,4-trimethyl-2-pentanol (d) 3-hexanol 3. Alcohols can be made by reacting alkyl halides with sodium hydroxide as follows: RX +. NaOH ROH + NaX Give the names and formulas of the alcohols produced from the following alkyl bromides by this method:(a) 2-bromobutane(b) 2-bromo-3-ethylpentane (c) bromocyclopentane
Using condensed structural formulas, write a balancedchemical equation for each of the following reactions:(a) hydrogenation of cyclohexene, (b) addition of H2O totrans-2-pentene using H2SO4 as a catalyst (two products),(c) reaction of 2-chloropropane with benzene in the presenceof AlCl3.
Draw the structure and name the product formed if the following alcohols are oxidized. Assume an excess of the oxidizing agent is used. If the alcohol is not expected to react with a chemical oxidizing agent, write NR (no reaction).(a) CH3CH2CH2CH2OH(b) 2-butanol(c) 2-methyl-2-propanol(d) 2-methyl-1-propanol
Ketene, H2C=C=O, is an important industrial chemical. Predict the products that would be formed when ketene reacts with **hint: Markovnikov addition occurs. (a) ethanol (b) acetic acid (c) ethylamine.
Write a balanced chemical equation based on the following description: propanol, C₃H₇OH(l) burns in air
1) The acid-catalyzed dehydration of 2-methyl-2-butanol yields two alkene products, what are the names of the two alkenes? 2) which of the two alkenes is the major product?
Indicate whether each statement is true or false. (a) Pentanehas a higher molar mass than hexane. (b) The longer the linearalkyl chain for straight-chain hydrocarbons, the higherthe boiling point. (c) The local geometry around the alkynegroup is linear. (d) Propane has two structural isomers.
What is the structure of the alcohol produced when 3-methyl-1-pentene undergoes (a) acid catalyzed hydration (b) oxymercuration/demercuration (c) hydroboration/oxidation
Which alcohols can be prepared as a single product by hydroboration– oxidation of an alkene? Which alcohols can be prepared as a single product by the acid-catalyzed addition of H2O to an alkene?
The foul odor of rancid butter is caused by butyric acid, CH3CH2CH2CO2H.(a) Draw the Lewis structure and determine the oxidation number and hybridization for each carbon atom in the molecule.(b) The esters formed from butyric acid are pleasant-smelling compounds found in fruits and used in perfumes. Draw the Lewis structure for the ester formed from the reaction of butyric acid with 2-propanol.
Which alcohols can be prepared as a single product by hydroboration–oxidation of an alkene? Which alcohols can be prepared as a singleproduct by the acid-catalyzed addition of H2O to an alkene?