Drugs called COX-2 inhibitors (e.g., Vioxx, Bextra, andCelebrex) were thought to relieve the pain and inflammation ofosteoarthritis without the stomach bleeding and ulcers non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) cause. In a 12-month trial, Vioxx caused fewer gastrointestinal side effectsthan the NSAID ibuprofen. However, a study of the recurrenceof colon polyps after three years of Vioxx found an increasedrisk for heart attack and stroke beginning after 18 months oftreatment. As a result, Vioxx was withdrawn from the market,and an FDA panel concluded that COX-2 inhibitors as a classhave increased cardiovascular risk that varies by drug anddose. The FDA then caused the withdrawal of Bextra and re-quired a warning label on Celebrex. Based on this information,list (a) an observation, (b) a hypothesis, (c) an experiment, and(d) a theory.
Drugs called COX-2 inhibitors (e.g., Vioxx, Bextra, andCelebrex) were thought to relieve the pain and inflammation ofosteoarthritis without the stomach bleeding and ulcers non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) cause. In a 12-month trial, Vioxx caused fewer gastrointestinal side effectsthan the NSAID ibuprofen. However, a study of the recurrenceof colon polyps after three years of Vioxx found an increasedrisk for heart attack and stroke beginning after 18 months oftreatment. As a result, Vioxx was withdrawn from the market,and an FDA panel concluded that COX-2 inhibitors as a classhave increased cardiovascular risk that varies by drug anddose. The FDA then caused the withdrawal of Bextra and re-quired a warning label on Celebrex. Based on this information,list (a) an observation, (b) a hypothesis, (c) an experiment, and(d) a theory.
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