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- Some have argued that higher cigarette prices do not deter smoking. While there are many arguments both for and against this view, some find the following argument to be the most persuasive of all: “The laws of supply and demand indicate that higher prices are ineffective in reducing smoking. In particular, higher cigarette prices will reduce the demand for cigarettes. This reduction in demand will push the equilibrium price back down to its original level. Since the equilibrium price will remain unchanged, smokers will consume the same number of cigarettes.” Do you agree or disagree with this view?Some have argued that higher cigarette prices do not deter smoking. While there are many arguments both for and against this view, some find the following argument to be the most persuasive of all: “The laws of supply and demand indicate that higher prices are ineffective in reducing smoking. In particular, higher cigarette prices will reduce the demand for cigarettes. This reduction in demand will push the equilibrium price back down to its original level. Since the equilibrium price will remain unchanged, smokers will consume the same number of cigarettes.”Do you agree or disagree with this view? Disagree - the reduction in demand will push the equilibrium price below its original level. Disagree - this confuses a change in demand with a change in quantity demanded. Agree - the price increase will ultimately leave cigarette consumption unchanged. Disagree - higher cigarette prices will actually increase the demand for cigarettes.What is wrong with this statement? Demand refers to the willingness of buyers to purchase different quantities of a good at different prices during a specific time period.
- Type the correct answer in the box. Spell all words correctly. Vivian conducted market research on her company’s products. She found that after the company raised the price of its product by $1.50, the demand in the uptown region remained the same with only minor fluctuations. However, she found that the demand in the downtown region dropped by 20 percent after the price change. How should Vivian take these demands into consideration? In a situation where demand differs in different areas, Vivian should consider the demand.How does a sudden decrease in consumer confidence due to a significant political event impact the demand for luxury goods in an economy?Consider the demand for pomegranates in two different countries. In Country A, pomegranates are a critical part of the diet and are central to preparation of many recipes. For most of these recipes, there is no feasible substitute for pomegranates. In Country B, households will purchase pomegranates if the price is right, but consumers do not consider them to be particularly special or unique, and few dishes use pomegranates. Suppose pomegranates are native to both countries and due to limited shipping options are not traded. Also suppose that droughts and other weather-related shocks periodically cause unexpected changes in supply conditions. Use the information above sketch a model of how the market for pomegranates in Country A and in Country B would respond to the supply volatility in each country. Then, use your findings to plot the price of pomegranates across time in Country A and Country B. Explain which country will see more volatile prices and why.
- During 2009, incomes fell sharply due to the financial crisis of 2008-2009. This change likely led to a decrease in the prices of both normal and inferior goods. If both coffee and tea are normal goods and the price of coffee increases, it will increase the demand for tea. If the price of lemonade decreases due to insufficient demand, and its supply decreases at the same time, the equilibrium price will clearly rise.Assume there is a positive relationship between aging and cholesterol levels. As the world population ages, will the demand for cholesterol drugs increase, decrease, or remain the same? Would this cause a change in demand or a change in quantity demanded?Scenario 2: The Ministry of health publishes a study finding that coffee drinking reduces the probability of getting cancer. How do you imagine this will affect the market for coffee? Why? Which determinant of demand or supply is being affected? Explain. Show graphically the changes in demand or supply. Will this change the equilibrium price and quantity of coffee? Explain your reasoning.
- The U.S. government administers two programs that affect the market for cigarettes. Media campaigns and labeling requirements are aimed at making the public aware of the health dangers of cigarettes. At the same time, the Department of Agriculture maintains price supports for tobacco. Under this program, the supported price is above the market equilibrium price and the government limits the amount of land that can be devoted to tobacco production. Are these two programs at odds with the goal of reducing cigarette consumption? As part of your answer, illustrate graphically the effects of both policies on the market for cigarettes.Both the supply and the demand for crude oil seem to be price inelastic. It implies that changes in the price of crude oil have a relatively small effect on the quantity demanded or supplied. On the demand side, people as well as businesses tend to continue using oil products even after its price increases, as there are often few substitutes in the short run. That is why there is still growing demand for crude oil. On the supply side, it is difficult as well as expensive for the producers to quickly increase or stop oil production as a response to price changes. Therefore, even after a price rise, the supply is not enough to meet demand. It implies that any given change in supply or demand is likely to have a comparatively large effect on the equilibrium price than on the quantity of crude oil (the percentage change in the price will be higher than the percentage change in quantity). Draw a graph to show the information aboveIn the health care market, Multiple Choice demand has increased relative to supply. supply has increased relative to demand. neither demand nor supply has changed significantly in the past two decades. the concepts of demand and supply are irrelevant.
