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- 一 Explain why money printing is not desirable instrument to finance budget deficit?E1 Suppose the Central Bank of Bothnia buys Treasury Bonds. What will be the impact on the price level and real GDP in the country of Bothnia? Would the purchase of treasury bonds be considered expansionary or contractionary policy AND would this be fiscal or monetary policy?Much of the U.S. government debt is held by foreigninvestors as treasury bonds and bills. How do fluctuations in the dollar exchange rate affect the value of thatdebt held by foreigners?
- 1. Suppose the government cuts transfer payments in an economy with an inflationary gap. How would this policy affect bond prices, interest rates, investment, the exchange rate, net exports, real GDP, and the price level? Show your results graphically.In the late 1970s, several countries in Latin America, notably Mexico, Brazil, and Argentina, had accumulated large external debt burdens. A significant share of this debt was denominated in U.S. dollars. The United States pursued contractionary monetary policy from 1979 to 1982, raising dollar interest rates. a.How would this affect the value of the Latin American currencies relative to the U.S. dollar? b. How would this affect their external debt in local currency terms? c. If these countries had wanted to prevent a change in their external debt, what would have been the appropriate policy response, and what would be the drawbacks?Write about one of the sources of capital receipts
- 1. Identify the circumstances under which budget deficits can lead to inflationary monetary policy.Make forecasts of what monetary policy will do and also forecasts of GDP growth and primary fiscal defcits for UK. Give a sovereign debt sustainability analysis for UK. Calculate the trajectory of sovereign debt to GDP for the UK based on these forecasts.What should be the optimal monetary policy in the UK in the short and medium run? Make forecasts of what monetary policy will do and also forecasts of GDP growth and primary fiscal defcits, give a sovereign debt sustainability analysis. Calculate the trajectory of sovereign debt to GDP for the UK based on these forecasts.
- while expansionary fiscal Expansionary monetary policy would likely cause increases in policy financed through increased borrowing would result in decreases in OC and I; (X-M) only OC and (X-M); C only OG only; C and I OC, I, and (X-M); C, I, and (X-M) Conly; I only...... can be stopped with .... policy changes that remove the need for ..... a) seigniorage / monetary / borrowing in the open market b) hyperinflations / fiscal / printing large quantities of money c) printing large quantities of money / monetary / taxes d) hyperinflations / fiscal / seigniorage e) open market operations / new tax / selling gold1. Assume that the GDP of Country A, a commodity exporter, can take on the values of $50, $55, $60, $65, and $70 with equal probability. To smooth consumption, the government of Country A issues $10 government bonds and sell them in the global financial market. If the government default, the costs of default are 25% of GDP. Lenders are competitive and understand these risks fully. a) If the lending rate is 32.5% per annum, what is the country's repayment threshold level of GDP (i.e., the GDP at which it is indifferent between defaulting and repaying the loan)? What is its probability of default? At what GDP level(s) will the country default? b) If the interest rate on safe loans is 6% annum, is the lending rate of 32.5% consistent with the breakeven condition of a competitive lender? Show your answer. c) Assume that the GDP of Country A can now take on the value of $75 (in addition to the five values above) due to higher volatility in commodity prices. Use the consumption-output…
