Properties of sound
A sound wave is a mechanical wave (or mechanical vibration) that transit through media such as gas (air), liquid (water), and solid (wood).
Quality Of Sound
A sound or a sound wave is defined as the energy produced due to the vibrations of particles in a medium. When any medium produces a disturbance or vibrations, it causes a movement in the air particles which produces sound waves. Molecules in the air vibrate about a certain average position and create compressions and rarefactions. This is called pitch which is defined as the frequency of sound. The frequency is defined as the number of oscillations in pressure per second.
Categories of Sound Wave
People perceive sound in different ways, like a medico student takes sound as vibration produced by objects reaching the human eardrum. A physicist perceives sound as vibration produced by an object, which produces disturbances in nearby air molecules that travel further. Both of them describe it as vibration generated by an object, the difference is one talks about how it is received and other deals with how it travels and propagates across various mediums.
Electronic pest control is the name given to several types of electrically powered devices
designed to repel pests, such as insects. Ultrasonic devices have shown promise in repelling
insect pest species. They emit short wavelength, high-frequency sound waves that can be
detected by insects but are too high-pitched to be detected by humans. The following table shows
the maximum end of the hearing range of frequencies detectable by various organisms (Table 1).
To investigate the effectiveness of ultrasonic devices in dispersing pest insects, scientists
collected data from two different regions.
Region 1: a rural crop-growing region where insecticides are applied for crop protection
Region 2: a protected nature reserve that is managed for conservation and research
Scientists measured the population density of insects in both regions before and after activating
two different kinds of ultrasonic devices. The first ultrasonic device emitted sound at a frequency
of 40 kHz and the second ultrasonic device emitted sound at a frequency of 48 kHz. The average
population density of various pest species when exposed to the device that emitted sound at a
frequency of 40 kHz is depicted in Table 2. The average population density of various pest
species when exposed to the device that emitted sound at a frequency of 48 kHz is depicted in
Table 3.
Describe ONE evolutionary consequence of using insecticides to kill pests rather than
ultrasonic sound devices to disperse pests.
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