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Define the all-or-none principle.
The same student remarked that at 180 mV stimulus, it is expected that 100 g mass is lifted by the muscle fibre. Do you agree or disagree? Why or why not?
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- We move a lot and do not even realize how intricate these movements may be from gross motor to fine motor manipulations. Briefly explain the steps involved in a single muscle contraction beginning at the neuromuscular junction through one complete contraction and relaxation for the sliding filament theory. Don’t forget to include all the major proteins (actin, myosin, troponin and tropomyosin) involved as well as calcium and ATP.Explain how optimal skeletal muscle force (high muscle tension) can be achieved during a high intensity exercise. (Mention and explain how wave summation, motor recruitment summation, muscle length, and type of muscle fibers activated can affect muscle force).Using the biceps brachii as an example, describe the biochemical and mechanochemical series of events that enables motor neurons to trigger muscle contraction. Thank you!
- (1) The reading for today (Lieber and Ward, 2011) and your textbook describe the length-tension relationship of muscle, which can be explained by the figure below. Describe physiologically what is happening to explain the length-tension relationship, as shown by this figure. (a) 120 maximum tension (%) 100 80 60- 40 20 0 1.0 1.5 2.0 active (3) passive 2.5 3.0 3.5 4.0 length (um)a. Define the all-or-none principle. b. The same student remarked that at 180 mV stimulus, it is expected that 100 g mass is lifted by the muscle fibre. Do you agree or disagree? Why or why not?Match the following types of contractions: The stimulus above which no stronger contraction can be elicited, because all motor units are firing in the muscle Determined by alternating motor units of a muscle organ even when the muscle is at rest Continued sustained smooth contraction due to rapid stimulation The situation in which contractions become stronger due to stimulation before complete relaxation occurs How a smooth increase in muscle force is produced [Choose] [Choose ] [Choose] [Choose] [Choose]
- Muscle motor unit recruitment follows the pattern of the SO (I) fibers being recruited first followed by the FOG (IIa) and then ultimately by the FG (IIb) if and when workloads require this. Muscle fatigue follows the order that the FG fibers fatigue first, followed by the FOG fibers and finally (maybe never) the SO fibers. Explain how it makes sense physiologically that the last fibers to be recruited to contract are the first to fatigue, while the first fibers to be recruited to contract would be the last to fatigue.Briefly describe why contraction of the muscle cell is called “sliding filament theory” (what is sliding?) and what do we mean by “excitation-contraction coupling?” (What is being excited, and what is coupled?)Hill's equation gives a relation between muscle contraction rates νν and muscle tension TT (T+α)(ν+β)=(T0+α)β(T+α)(ν+β)=(T0+α)β for positive parameters αα and ββ and resting tension T0T0. Rewrite the equation so that the contraction rate is a function of tension.
- * The figure below is called the It shows the amount of tension generated by a muscle and the force of contraction depends on how stretched or contracted it was before it was stimulated. * 100 80 (d) 60 (e) Normal /range 40 (a) 20 1.2 μm 1.6 μm 2.1 μm 2.2 um 2.6μm 3.6 μη Decreased length Increased length Optimal resting length Tension (percent of maximum)Describe in details the biochemical and mechanochemical series of events that enables motor neurons to trigger muscle contraction, using the biceps brachii as an example.Vhat are the two types of muscle movement categories? Give an example for both. Describe Swammerdam's experiment and Galvani's experiment with frog legs. What did they tell us about muscle contraction? What is the sliding-filament model for muscle contraction? Describe the role of actin and myosin of sarcomeres in the model (be specific). Describe how an action potential triggers muscle contraction. Know the specific molecules involved. . Describe the structural and functional differences between smooth, cardiac and skeletal muscles. What are the three types of skeletal muscle fibers and how do they differ in structure and function? Next « Previous MacBook Pro