Define reabsorption.

Q: What would be the impact of dysfunctional (leaky) glomerular basal lamina?What effect would this…

A: Marcello Malpigh, an Italian scientist, identified the glomerulus.  A little ball-shaped structure…

Q: Outline the routes and mechanisms of tubular reabsorption and secretion.

A: The removal of the solutes and water from the tubular fluid and transported into the blood is…

Q: How does the composition of the glomerular filtrate compare with that of plasma?

A: Blood plasma contains red and white blood cells, blood proteins, glucose, water, nitrogenous wastes,…

Q: Define the term diuretics?

A: The urinary system is defined as a body system that is responsible for eliminating waste from the…

Q: Explain Basic Renal Processes?

A: Kidney is the chief excretory organ in the humans. Nephrons are the structural and functional unit…

Q: Describe how diuretics work in the kidneys and how they lower blood pressure

A: Step 1 The kidney is an organ of the human excretory system. Diuretics are the drug treatments that…

Q: Define the term potassium-sparing diuretics?

A: The medicines that elevate urination  without loss of potassium ion are defined as Potassium-sparing…

Q: How is reabsorption different from secretion?

A: Re-absorption and secretion are two essential process that occur in the nephron during urine…

Q: Explain Reabsorption by Mediated Transport?

A: Plants contain two different types of “Transport tissue”. They are named Xylem and Phloem. The…

Q: Which of the following is not reabsorbed at al?

A: The process by which the nephron eliminates water and solutes from the tubular fluid (pre-urine) and…

Q: Distinguish between glomerular filtration, tubular reabsorption, and tubular secretion.

A: The movement of the water and the solutes across a cell membrane is called filtration. The movement…

Q: What chemical substances normally are present in urine?

A: Normal human urine is formed of water (nearly 96%), organic wastes (2.5%), inorganic salts (1.5%),…

Q: Which substances in the blood are never filtered out into the urine?

A: Urine composed of salts, toxins, and water which are needed to be filtered out of the blood.Blood…

Q: State two vital functions of kidney.

A: The kidney resembles the kidney bean in its structure and color. The kidneys are among the most…

Q: Explain net glomerular filtration pressure?

A: The process of urine formation takes place in the kidney. The urine formation takes place by the…

Q: Under what condition do the kidneys produce dilute urine?

A: The concentrated urine means there are more solutes present and less water in the sample. The…

Q: Sodium is actively extruded from which part of the nephron?

A: Nephron:               The microscopic structural and functional unit of kidney is designated as…

Q: What role does urea have in tubular reabsorption?

A: Tubular reabsorption is the movement of substances from filtrate into the blood. Substances are…

Q: What is the process that occurs when all of the filtered bicarbonate has been reabsorbed?

A: This process occur in the kidneys.

Q: Describe how tubular reabsorption processes nutrientand salt molecules.

A: The procedure of transportation of water and other substances from the tubules of the kidney to the…

Q: Explain the Reabsorption of Salt ?

A: Salt reabsorption can be defined as the process in which sodium ions and chloride ions are…

Q: reabsorption of water by the proximal convoluted tubule, distal convoluted tubule and collecting…

A: Tubular reabsorption: Most of that fluid and its contents that passes through the nephrons of the…

Q: Describe the structure of the afferent and efferentarterioles and the juxtaglomerular apparatus.…

A: Branches of the renal artery supply each nephron with blood and carry filtered blood back to the…

Q: Where is the most water reabsorbed?

A: Urinary system eliminates the waste in the body through urine formation. Urine contains undesired…

Q: List the Major form of renal Mechanism?

A: Excretion is the process through which the body’s metabolic wastes are removed. The vertebrates…

Q: Explain the relationship of the following to renal secretion and excretion of hydrogen ions: (a)…

A: Kidneys are two bean-shaped organs. They are situated just below the rib cage, one on each side of…

Q: Pressures affecting the glomerular filtration rate is

A: Glomerular filtration rate (GFR) is a test that is used to determine the functionality of the…

Q: Describe the regulation of major ions by the kidney

A: Kidneys are two organs present in the excretory system of the human beings.  They acts as filters…

Q: List and define the three major renal processes.

A: Renal processes include the process in the body to certify the waste and excess water eliminate from…

Q: Contrast the mechanisms of reabsorption for glucose and urea

A: Renal filtration is a process in which water and solutes are removed from the blood plasma as it…

Q: Explain where in the nephron, and by what process, glucose is normally returned from the glomerular…

A: The kidney is a bean-shaped excretory organ that responsible for the excretion of nitrogenous waste…

Q: Briefly describe the general mechanism of action for diuretics, and explain in detail how medication…

A: Diurectics are the drugs which promotes the sodium ions (Na+) and thus, water excretion (along with…

Q: Explain working of kidneys.

A: Human excretory system consists of two kidneys, two ureters, a urinary bladder and a urethra.

Q: Describe the location of the kidneys in the body

A: In human kidney are retroperitoneal organs. Kidneys are located in the rear wall of abdominal…

Q: During a heavy physical workout, will the body need to reabsorb ions or not and explain why

A: Yes. During a heavy physical workout,the body need to reabsorb ions . Body fluids consist of…

Q: . What kinds of disorders cause damage to the filtration membrane?

A: Kidney contain about 1 million filtering units. The glomeruli is made up of many microscopic…

Q: The collecting duct reabsorption of Na+ causes?

A: Nephrons are the structural and functional units of kidney and are responsible for the formation of…

Q: What is micturition and describe the micturition reflex?

A: Micturition or urination is the process of urine ejection from the urinary bladder through urethra…

Q: What is the PH of urine.

A: pH is really a measure of the relative amount of free hydrogen and hydroxyl ions in the water. The…

Q: Give some examples of Tubular Reabpsorption?

A: Renin, an enzyme produced by the kidney, regulates water recovery and blood pressure. Renin…

Q: Explain the effect on hydrostatic (blood) pressure withinthe glomerular capillaries and on…

A: The afferent arteriole is the arteriole that provides blood to the glomerulus and nephrons. They…

Q: List the functions of the kidney?

A: The kidney is an organ found in vertebrates. It is generally present in pairs, is red-brown in color…

Q: Explain how can the kidneys minimize the excretion until ingestion replaces the losses?

A: The organ kidney helps to remove waste and extra fluid from our bodies. It helps in the formation of…

Q: Why is glucose present in pathological urine? What does the presence of glucose indicate?

A: Glucose metabolism includes glycolysis in which glucose molecules are converted to 2 molecules…

Q: Which vessels and what part of the nephron areinvolved in countercurrent multiplication?

A: Step 1 A counter-current system is a system of the flowing of fluids in two types of antiparallel…

Tissue regeneration & repair

Tissue regeneration involves the restoration of tissue components by regrowth of damaged tissues. In contrast, tissue repair involves patching of injured tissue rather than restoring it. It is the proliferative capacity of the cells that decides the amount of regeneration against the repair that would occur in the tissue. Both regeneration and repair depending on the duration of the injury and response to the inflammation.