Consider the impact of treating each of the 3 types of duopolies as a repeated game with the same players. Specific focus on if this makes collusion more or less likely in each case (with justification for either answer) and which games it is easiest to maintain collusion.
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- Sometimes oligopolies in the same industry are very different in size. Suppose we have a duopoly where one firm (Film A) is large and the other film (Film B) is small, as the prisoners dilemma box in Table 10.4 shows. Assuming that both films know the payoffs, what is the likely outcome in this case?in the sample imit pricing model, the entrant moves first to choose to Enter the market or Stay Out. Once the entrant moves, the incumbent fem choose to Fight or Share, If the entrant choose to stay out, the entrant receives zero profit while the incumbent ears the monopoly prett. Suppose when the incumbent and the entrant Fight, they compete in Bertrand style and when the incumbent Share the market, the firms compete in Cournot style. Complete the following game by fill in the associated payoffs at the end nodes and solve the game using the backward induction (e. find the equilibrium path. Assume both the entrant and incumbent have the same marginal cost of 2 and the inverse demand is P-14-Q Incumbent: Share Enter Fight Entrant Stay Out If Entrant enters and Incumbent shares, the payoff for the Entrant is If Entrant enters and Incumbent fights, the payoff for the Entrant is If the Entrant stays out, the payoff for the Entrant is At equilibrium, Entrant will choose and the payoft for…3. The repeated prisoner's dilemma (PD) can be used as a simple framework to inves- tigate tacit collusion. Consider repeating the following stage game: A B A R, R 100, 24 B 24, 100 50, 50 where R is either 64 or 96. In each round, the players simultaneous choose an action (A or B). After both have made their choice the outcome is revealed, along with the payoffs for the round. Then a random number is drawn to determine whether the repeated game will continue for at least one more round. The probability the game will continue is c5, which is either ¹ or ³. 2 4 (a) Suppose the stage game were played just once (which is equivalent to c5 = 0). Find the Pareto efficient outcomes in the stage game. Does either player have a dominated strategy; if so, which? What is the one-shot Nash equilibrium pre- diction of the stage game? How does this prediction vary with the parameter R? (b) For the indefinitely repeated game, explain: i. Why both players choosing the strategy All B is a subgame…
- Anashequilibriumisastrategyprofilesuchthat: a)Both players are playing a best response strategy b)Both players must be playing a dominant strategyc)Both players achieve their highest possible payoff d)a) and c) e)b) and c)How do I determine values for Y that have dominant strategy? What is the Nash equilibirum? If the Market demand for two companies is P=120-Q and marginal cost is 20. How will the payoff matrix with strategies for each that show cournot equilibirum quantity/half of the monopoly quantity look? How do i solve for the nash equilibrium?Exercise A.4Explain and graphically represent the equilibria of the Cournot and Bertrand duopoly models. Indicate if they are Nash equilibria and why. Reason your answer.
- Company A and Company B are competing oligopolists. Both companies are considering increasing or maintaining their prices The payoff matrix shows the profits of the companies in millions based on their possible actions. Company B Increase Price Maintain Price Company A Increase Price $50, $40 $35, 530 Maintain Price 555, $45 $60, $35 The government offers a $5 milon subsidy to maintain current pricing. What is the expected outcome of the new payoff matrix, given the subsidy? The Nash equilibrium changes, and both companies will maintain their prices O The Nash equilbrium changes, and both companies will increase their prices O The Nash equilibrium remains the same, and both companies will increase their prices O Company A wit increase its price, whie Company B maintains its price. O Company A will maintain its price, while Company Bincreases ts price.1. What are the advantages and disadvantages of collusion? Define Collusion 2. In a Stackelberg game, what is the best response that follower firm 2 can make to the choice y1 already made by the leader, firm 1? Defining the game and provide an example of the best response.Choose the BEST answer. The graph below shows the collusion model of oligopoly. What level of output corresponds to the profit maximizing level of output for the two firms combined? P, MR, and MC at 1/20 B > combined Ⓒ%Q, where one firm maximize profits and splits the market. ⒸQ, where P-MC for the market as a whole. Quantity per month Othere is no efficient solution in the collusion model of oligopoly Q. where the two firms maximize total profit and split the market. MC D combined
- You are playing a game with a friend. It’s yourmove but you don’t have a dominant strategy.Your payoff depends on what your friend doesafter your move. You consider flipping a coin todecide what to do. You are about to reach for acoin, but then you realize that your friend has adominant strategy. Explain how using backwardinduction (rather than a coin toss) will now determine your next moveGive an example and explain the equilibrium of Duopolists’ dilemma bygame theory .EOC 18.04 (and 18.05) Under what conditions are oligopolists likely to reach the cooperative outcome? Select an answer and submit. For keyboard navigation, use the up/down arrow keys to select an answer. a if there are many businesses in the market. b if the game they play is repeated a sufficient number of times. if they discover that a Nash equilibrium is their best outcome in the long-run. d if a sufficient number of businesses can be persuaded to lower their prices.