Consider free convection from a cylinder at Ts=52°C in To = 2°C. The cylinder diameter is D=13.727mm. Find the heat transfer due to free convection. using NU₂ = $ 0,60 + 2 0.387 Rap [1+ (0.559/P)/27 3.0m long horizontal air at 1.0 atm and
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- Don’t use Heissler charts to answer this question Heat sterilization of lumber, timbers, and pallets is used to kill insects to prevent their transfer between countries in international trade. This is analogous to food sterilization by heat. A typical requirement here is that the slowest heating point of any woodconfiguration be held at 56 °C for 30 minutes. Consider hot air heating of wooden boards that maintains their surface temperature at 70 °C. The boards are stacked outside and in the winter time they can be considered to be at 0 °Cwhen theyare brought in for heating. The thermal diffusivity of the wood is 9*10-8m2/s. a.Calculate the time from the start of heating for a 2.5 cm thick board to reach a sterilization temperature of 56 °C at its slowest heating point .b.Calculate the heating time when four such boards are stacked together. c.Calculate the ratio of the two heating times (for a single board versus when they are stacked), and explain the ratio. Note: You’re free to…An underwater sonar that maps the ocean bathymetry is encapsulated in a sphere with a diameter of 85 mm. During operation, the sonar generates heat at a rate of 300W. What is the sonar surface temperature when it’s located in a water column where the temperature is 15o C and the water current is 1 m/sec? The sonar was pulled out of the water without turning it off, thus, it was still working. The air temperature was 15o C and the air speed was 3 m/sec. What was the sonar surface temperature? Was there any reason for concern?For laminar free convection from a heated vertical surface, the local convection coefficient may be expressed as hy Cx-1/4, where h, is the coefficient at a distance x from the leading edge of the surface and the quantity C, which depends on the fluid properties, is independent of x. Obtain an expression for the ratio hx/hx, where x is the average coefficient between the leading edge (x = 0) and the x-location. Sketch the variation of h, and hy with x.
- To avoid overheating, natural convection analysis is to beconsidered. If the minimum allowable heat transfer due tonatural convection is 30 W, find the maximum angle at whichthe TV can hang off the wall (0 < θ < 60). Some temperatureswere collected; Back panel surface: 45 °C, ambient: 32 °C. A typical 55-inch TV screen measures (122 cm x 69 cm). please answer and show all detailed calculationsA plate is maintained at 74°C and this surface is facin an air having temperature of 30°C, then what will be th value of coefficient of volumetric expansion ß?A food product with 80% moisture content in a 7 cm diameter can wants to be frozen. product density is 1000 kg / m³ thermal conductivity is 1.0 W / (m K) and initial freezing temperature is -2.25 degrees Celsius after 8 hours in freezing medium -35 degrees Celsius Temperature to -10 degrees Celsius estimate convection heat transfer coefficient freezing medium assume the can as an infinite cylinder h =
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- The heat transfer from a 50mm diameter incandescent bulb at 127°C to 27°C quiescent air is [ use the data; v=7.076x10 m² /s, Pr 0.697,k = 0.03003 W/mK.]Solve for interface temperatures. Given: heat transfer due to radiation= 507.415 W/m2A Deep-sea Diver is wearing a wetsuit in cold water. (Natural convection, radiative transfer is negligible). The following data are given: Water Temperature Te= 10 Degrees Celsius. Wetsuit thickness is equivalent to a 8mm neoprene rubber (thermal conductivity is 0.19 W/m-K), Skin thickness is 1.45mm, Skin thermal conductivity is 0.21 W/m-k. Body temperature below skin Tb= 37 degrees Celsius. Average Air gap thickness is 1mm, air thermal conductivity = 0.027 w/m-K. a) Draw a complete equivalent thermal circuit and show all parameters. b) Calculate the flux of heat loss from the diver (in W/m^2 of body surface area) c) Calculate the temperature of the skin outer surface (Ts) d) Based on your calculations is the wetsuit adequate to keep the diver warm enough? Why?