Consider a program that accesses a single I/O device and compare unbuffered I/O to the use of a buffer. Show that the use of the buffer can reduce the running time by at most a factor of two.
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- Consider a disk drive specifications. with the following 16 surfaces, 512 tracks/surface, 512 sectors/ track, 1 KB/sector, rotation speed 3000 rpm. The disk is operated in cycle stealing mode whereby whenever one byte word is ready it is sent to memory; similarly, for writing, the disk interface reads a 4 byte word from the memory in each DMA cycle. Memory cycle time is 40 nsec. The maximum percentage of time that the CPU gets blocked during DMA operation?Consider a demand-paging system with a paging disk that has an average access and transfer time of 25 milliseconds. Addresses are translated through a page table in main memory, with an access time of 1 microsecond per memory access. Thus, each memory reference through the page table takes two accesses. To improve this time, we have added an associative memory that reduces access time to one memory reference if the page-table entry is in the associative memory. Assume that 75 percent of the accesses are in the associative memory and that, of those remaining, 10 percent (or 2.5 percent of the total) cause page faults. What is the effective memory access time?We have three processes that work coordinately to serve the photo printing request(pictured below). When there is a request to print a photo, Process A reads the photo data from thedisk to Buffer 1, Process B copies the data from Buffer 1 to Buffer 2, finally Process C takes the datafrom Buffer 2 and print it.Process A ------------- Process B ------------ Process C------------------------------>| Buffer 1 |-------------------------->| Buffer 2 |----------------------------->Read from File ------------- copy ------------- print Assume each process operates on one photo at a time, both buffers' capacity can store two photos.Write a program (Pseudo code) to coordinate the three processes using semaphores. (Define thesemaphores to use and initialize their values)
- Suppose a program segment consists of a purely sequential part which takes 100 cycles to execute, and an iterated loop which takes 400 cycles per iteration. Assume that the loop is dependent on the sequential part, i.e., both parts cannot run in parallel. Also assume that the loop iterations are independent, and cannot be further parallelized. If the loop is to be executed 100 times, what is the maximum speedup possible using an infinite number of processors (as many processors as you could possibly need) compared to a single processor?A disk has a capacity of two tera-byte size. Say the file system uses a multi-level inode structure for locating the data blocks of afile.The inode stores pointers to data blocks, including a single indirect block, a double indirect block, and several direct blocks in the 64 B of available space.Now, it is given that the disk has a block size of 512 B. The maximum file size that can be stored in such a file system in MB (round off upto 2 decimal places).A computer uses virtual memory, and a new solid-state drive (SSD) as space for paging. Refer to the last ppt file. In the case presented there, the hard disk drive (HDD) required 25 ms to read in a page, and a rate of 1 page fault per 1000 references introduced a 250 slowdown. If the SSD offers a time of only 80 µs, what is the slowdown in performance caused by 1 pf per 1000 references (you are not concerned with dirty vs. clean pages). What is the maximum rate of page faults you can accept if you want no more than a 5% slowdown in execution using virtual memory? Know your metric prefixes and symbols for time: s for seconds, ms for milliseconds, µs for microseconds, ns for nanoseconds.
- Implement c/c++ to evaluate round robin algorithm with i/o burst.I want my code to able to read csv. The link is to my csv file https://jpst.it/2IURz. The code must also have input for quantum time. The code must contain this following:(i) Turnaround time of the jobs;(ii) Waiting time of the jobs; and(iii) Number of interrupts incurredImplement a shared-memory pthread program on in C to find Prefix Sum of n integers. Keep theparallel overheads to a minimum. (One barrier synchronization may be enough.) Vary n as 210, 215, and 220 (or moreif desired), and p, the number of processes, from 1 to 8, and obtain the speedup relative to the sequential timingswithout any overheads. Produce a speedup plot with p on x-axis and Sp on y-axis. Each n will result in a separatespeedup curve. Use same plot for all the curves to see how speedup varies as problem size increases.I am trying to better understand memory access in computers, please answer the sample question below. Assume that the page table can held in registers of the MMU. It takes 8 ms (milliseconds)to service a page fault if there is an empty frame or if the replaced page is not altered, and20 ms if the replaced page is altered. Memory access time is 100 ns (nanoseconds). It has been empirically measured that the page to be replaced is altered 75% of the time.Obtain the maximum probability of page fault for an effective memory access time ≤ 200ns.
- Consider a demand-paging system with a paging disk that has an average access/transfer time of 50 ms. Addresses are translated through a page table in main memory, with an access time of 500 ns per memory access. Thus, each memory reference through the page table takes two accesses. To improve this time, we have added a TLB that reduces access time to one memory reference if the page-table entry is in the TLB. Assume that 80% of the accesses are in the TLB and that, of those remaining, 15% (or 3% of the total) cause page faults. We assume that the TLB access time is 20 ns. What is the effective access time?A processor uses a serial link to communicate with a keyboard for word processing. A typist using this keyboard can type at rates peaking at 120 words per minute, where a word is 6 characters (including spaces and punctuation). The characters will be transmitted from the keyboard in 8-bit ASCII with one stop bit and no parity. Only consider these and no special characters. The programmer writes setup and polling service routines based on a minimum baud rate, but then finds that the keyboard will only interface at 19.2 Kbaud. Will the polling service routine have to change? Why or why not? Baud Rates 300 600 1200 2400 4800 9600 19200Consider a filesystem that uses inodes to represent files. Each inode contains pointers to 12 direct disk blocks, as well as a single and double indirect blocks. Disk blocks are 1KB in size, and a pointer to a disk block requires 4 bytes. If we install this filesystem on a 4TB SSD, we have (select all that apply) the SSD cannot store more than 4 billion files the SSD cannot store more than 1 billion files the SSD at least can store about 650 files the SSD at least can store about 6,500 files none of above