Coenzymes function to: change the shape of enzymes, allowing different additional substrates to bind. denature the enzyme, stopping the chemical reaction from occurring. interact directly with enzymes, either enabling the reaction to occur or making the substrate-enzyme interaction more efficient. dilate blood vessels, allowing more blood to flow, allowing more substrate to reach enzymes. absorb excess hydrogen and hydroxide ions, keeping the pH relatively stable, so that reactions can occur most efficiently.

Coenzymes function to: change the shape of enzymes, allowing different additional substrates to bind. denature the enzyme, stopping the chemical reaction from occurring. interact directly with enzymes, either enabling the reaction to occur or making the substrate-enzyme interaction more efficient. dilate blood vessels, allowing more blood to flow, allowing more substrate to reach enzymes. absorb excess hydrogen and hydroxide ions, keeping the pH relatively stable, so that reactions can occur most efficiently.

Human Biology (MindTap Course List)

11th Edition

ISBN:9781305112100

Author:Cecie Starr, Beverly McMillan

Publisher:Cecie Starr, Beverly McMillan

Chapter3: Cells And How They Work

Section: Chapter Questions

Problem 8SQ: Enzymes _______. a. enhance reaction rates b. are affected by pH c. act on specific substrates d....

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Indicate whether each of the following statements about enzyme terminology is TRUE or FALSE. All conjugated enzymes contain a cofactor. An apoenzyme has both a protein and nonprotein part. Metal ions cannot be present in a cofactor. An apoenzyme is present in all holoenzymes. Simple enzymes cannot contain cofactors. A holoenzyme has both a protein and nonprotein part. Metal atoms are present in all conjugated proteins. A cofactor is present in some, but not all, conjugated enzymes.
Indicate whether each of the following statements about an enzyme active site is true or false. It is the location where substrate molecules are produced. It always has a fixed, rigid geometry. It always has a geometrical shape exactly complementary to that of substrate. It always accommodates several structurally related substrates. It is the location where substrate molecules are converted to product molecules. It always has a shape that has a degree of flexibility to it. It always accommodates only one specific substrate.
Please select all of the following statements that are true. Cofactors involve the use of vitamins to assist enzymes Competitive inhibitors bind to the same active site as the substrate. When the substrate binds to the enzyme the reaction rate increases. Non-competitive inhibitors can act as both inhibitors and activators.
All of the following are characteristics of the active site of an enzyme EXCEPT? Select the correct response. It has a complementary shape to its substrate. It is the binding site for many different kinds of molecules. It is found somewhere in the interior of the enzyme. It has less water content compared to the cytoplasm.
Which of the following statements is false regarding an enzyme's ability to catalyse a reaction? an enzyme provides a reaction surface and a hydrophilic environment for the reaction to take place an enzyme binds reactants such that they are positioned correctly and can attain their transition-state configurations an enzyme allows the reaction to go through a more stable transition state than would normally be the case an enzyme can weaken bonds in reactants through the binding process
Which of the following best describes a coenzyme? Small charged ions like Fe2+ that help an enzyme to do its job Larger molecules like vitamin D that help an enzyme to do its job A source of energy needed to power an energy-requiring chemical reaction Another name for the substrates that an enzyme will act upon Products made from an enzyme-catalyzed reaction
Another of the six enzyme classes is which of the following? enzymes catalyze. These classes include the transferases, isomerases, and ligases. All enzymes can be categorized in one of six major classes based on the reactions the proteases kinases hydrolases phosphatases endonucleases An important factor that influences the rate of a biochemical reaction is the temperature. Raising the temperature of a biochemical reaction has which effect upon the kinetics of the reaction? a) b) c) d) e) increases the free energy of the reactants increases the free energy of the transition state decreases the free energy of the reactants decreases the free energy of the transition state decreases the free energy of the products
When the enzyme hexokinase binds to glucose and ATP it undergoes a conformational change. All of the following are true about this enzyme-substrate binding EXCEPT: The active site changes shape so that it binds more tightly to the substrates The substrates are optimally positioned for the reaction to occur The substrates become contorted or strained, which increases their reactivity The activation energy of the reaction increases
Classify the inhibitor characteristics according to one of three types of inhibition: reversible competitive, reversible noncompetitive, or irreversible. Reversible competitive inhibitor binds noncovalently at site other than active site 0° Reversible noncompetitive inhibitor structure resembles substrate structure inhibitor does not alter the maximum reaction rate Irreversible inhibitor binds.covalently and permanently at site other than active site
lace the description with the appropriate step in the enzymatic reaction. The enzyme changes shape, resulting in an induced fit between substrate and enzyme. Glucose and galactose are released, and the enzyme is free to bind other substrates. Lactose Galactose Glucose- Substrate: Lactose Enzyme: Lactase 2 1 Enzyme-substrate complex The bond is broken between glucose and galactose 3 The substrate, lactose, binds to the enzyme forming an enzyme- substrate complex
Which of the following is/are TRUE of hydrolysis? Hydrolysis results in a positive change in free energy Hydrolysis is always nonspontaneous A hydrolysis reaction absorbs free energy from its surroundings Hydrolysis is an exergonic pathway Hydrolysis is a catabolic pathway
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