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Biology
- Chemical Synapse

- Chemical Synapse

Anatomy & Physiology
Anatomy & Physiology
1st Edition
ISBN:9781938168130
Author:Kelly A. Young, James A. Wise, Peter DeSaix, Dean H. Kruse, Brandon Poe, Eddie Johnson, Jody E. Johnson, Oksana Korol, J. Gordon Betts, Mark Womble
Publisher:Kelly A. Young, James A. Wise, Peter DeSaix, Dean H. Kruse, Brandon Poe, Eddie Johnson, Jody E. Johnson, Oksana Korol, J. Gordon Betts, Mark Womble
Chapter12: The Nervous System And Nervous Tissue
Section: Chapter Questions
Problem 7ILQ: Watch this video (http://openstaxcollege.org/l/summation) to learn about summation. The process of...
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READ: They key to large-scale communication in the entire nervous system is the ability to pass nerve impulses on a small scale from one neuron to the next so that signals can be transmitted throughout the entire body. The junction between two neurons is called a synapse, and is the critical space that mediates the transfer of a signal from the presynaptic neuron (the sender) to the postsynaptic neuron (the receiver) or even an effector cell (like a gland or muscle cell.) You circled a synapse in Model 1. Synapses can be electrical or chemical. Electrical synapses transmit electrical signals via gap junctions. A channel protein connects the cytoplasm of two adjacent neurons so that ions can flow directly from one cell to another to pass on the signal. However, the most common type of synapse is a chemical synapse. These utilize chemical signals, called neurotransmitters, to transmit the signal across the synaptic cleft. This is a slower process, but allows for much greater precision and control. The action potential is an electrical impulse that gets converted to a chemical signal in the axon terminals of the presynaptic neuron in order to cross the synaptic cleft. Once received by the dendrites or cell body of the postsynaptic neuron, it is converted back into an action potential to continue along its transmission path. Model 4- Chemical Synapse Ca+2 Neurotransmitter C 0 Presynaptic neuron B Synaptic cleft Postsynaptic neuron Control and Coordination Unit Action potential in po fol graciast st bolfiD OIt's Not Rocket Science 2019 t
Transcribed Image Text:READ: They key to large-scale communication in the entire nervous system is the ability to pass nerve impulses on a small scale from one neuron to the next so that signals can be transmitted throughout the entire body. The junction between two neurons is called a synapse, and is the critical space that mediates the transfer of a signal from the presynaptic neuron (the sender) to the postsynaptic neuron (the receiver) or even an effector cell (like a gland or muscle cell.) You circled a synapse in Model 1. Synapses can be electrical or chemical. Electrical synapses transmit electrical signals via gap junctions. A channel protein connects the cytoplasm of two adjacent neurons so that ions can flow directly from one cell to another to pass on the signal. However, the most common type of synapse is a chemical synapse. These utilize chemical signals, called neurotransmitters, to transmit the signal across the synaptic cleft. This is a slower process, but allows for much greater precision and control. The action potential is an electrical impulse that gets converted to a chemical signal in the axon terminals of the presynaptic neuron in order to cross the synaptic cleft. Once received by the dendrites or cell body of the postsynaptic neuron, it is converted back into an action potential to continue along its transmission path. Model 4- Chemical Synapse Ca+2 Neurotransmitter C 0 Presynaptic neuron B Synaptic cleft Postsynaptic neuron Control and Coordination Unit Action potential in po fol graciast st bolfiD OIt's Not Rocket Science 2019 t
23. Part A stimulates voltage-gated protein channels to open in Part B. What does this cause? 24. Part B then initiates Part C. What is happening? al Coundination Unit a. b. This is a type of active transport that utilizes a specific organelle to expel substances from the cytoplasm. Which type of organelle is being used? c. What is the name of this type of active transport? lepimed? - #loboM d. If this is a type of active transport, that means it requires energy. What organelle isn't pictured, but must be located in the axon terminals for this to happen? READ: Part D shows the neurotransmitters diffusing across the synaptic cleft and binding to specific receptor proteins on the postsynaptic membrane. This would result in exciting the receiving neuron or inhibiting it. Excitatory neurotransmitters open the ion channels and depolarize the postsynaptic neuron, causing the action potential to be sent on. Inhibitory neurotransmitters can hyperpolarize the postsynaptic neuron so it can't send on the action potential. It all depends on the receptors on the effector cell and the sum of all of the excitations and inhibitions in that area of the membrane. 25. When the signal no longer needs to be transmitted, the remaining neurotransmitters can be degraded by enzymes, diffuse away from the synapse, or what is shown in Part E. Describe, based on the model, what else can happen to the leftover neurotransmitters. It's Not Rocket Science 2019 ovation 20
Transcribed Image Text:23. Part A stimulates voltage-gated protein channels to open in Part B. What does this cause? 24. Part B then initiates Part C. What is happening? al Coundination Unit a. b. This is a type of active transport that utilizes a specific organelle to expel substances from the cytoplasm. Which type of organelle is being used? c. What is the name of this type of active transport? lepimed? - #loboM d. If this is a type of active transport, that means it requires energy. What organelle isn't pictured, but must be located in the axon terminals for this to happen? READ: Part D shows the neurotransmitters diffusing across the synaptic cleft and binding to specific receptor proteins on the postsynaptic membrane. This would result in exciting the receiving neuron or inhibiting it. Excitatory neurotransmitters open the ion channels and depolarize the postsynaptic neuron, causing the action potential to be sent on. Inhibitory neurotransmitters can hyperpolarize the postsynaptic neuron so it can't send on the action potential. It all depends on the receptors on the effector cell and the sum of all of the excitations and inhibitions in that area of the membrane. 25. When the signal no longer needs to be transmitted, the remaining neurotransmitters can be degraded by enzymes, diffuse away from the synapse, or what is shown in Part E. Describe, based on the model, what else can happen to the leftover neurotransmitters. It's Not Rocket Science 2019 ovation 20
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