categorize the following into reversible or irreversible (competitive or non-competitive) inhibitors. No explanation is required, just list the name of the inhibitor. a) Penicillin b) Cyanide c) Aspirin d) Tipranavir
Q: What is an inhibitor?
A: Enzymes are referred to as molecules of proteins that helps in increasing the metabolism rate and…
Q: How does penicillin inhibit bacterial growth?
A: Antibiotics are substances which are able to inhibit or destroy growth of microorganisms. These…
Q: elaborate about drug metabolism phases: phase I (oxidation, reduction, hydrolysis) Phase II…
A: Phase I: Yields a polar, water-soluble, metabolite that is often still active. Many of the products…
Q: How are the structures of the ACE inhibitors captopril and enalapril similar? How are they…
A: ACE inhibitors stand for angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors that are principally accountable…
Q: How can we identify a noncompetitive inhibitor?
A: Enzymes are biological catalysts that help in catalyzing or speeding up biological reactions by…
Q: With the aid of diagrams, illustrate the biochemical basis of the following: Allopurinol used in…
A: Allopurinol used in the management of gout Gout is an inflammatory arthritis that is caused by…
Q: Why have the chemical structure of some antimicrobial drugs been modified into semisynthetics?
A: Many antibiotics or antimicrobial drugs halt bacterial infection by interfering with the…
Q: What are the limitations of Etelcalcetide, and how can the structure of the drug be modified to…
A: Introduction Etelcalcetide is a calcimimetic agent that intensifies the activation of…
Q: Give some examples of antihistamines. How do they work? Please provide the structure of the…
A: Histamines are molecules produced from immune cells like mast cells, basophils, etc. They are…
Q: Do Non-competitive inhibitors have medicinal uses? Give one example and explain
A: Non-competitive inhibitors are inhibitors that reduce the activity of an enzyme by binding to the…
Q: what is the mechanism of action and spectrum of activity of Levofloxacin? is this antibiotic…
A: Antibiotics are antibacterial that kills the bacteria (bactericidal) or slows down the growth of…
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A: Cannabis is a flowering plant genus belonging to the family Cannabaceae. The genus has an unknown…
Q: Why is it better for a drug to be microbicidal than microbistatic?
A: Any substance which is produced by naturally, artificially or through synthetic origin that kills or…
Q: What is the mode of action of most antifungal drugs? inhibition of RNA synthesis disruption of…
A: An antifungal drug eliminates the fungal pathogens selectively from a host. During this process, the…
Q: What is the generic name, therapeutic category, and available dosage forms of Feosol®, Fluimucil®,…
A: The details of the drugs given in the table below-
Q: Why is lipopolysaccharide considered to be an endotoxin?
A: Lipopolysaccharide is an outer cell membrane component found in gram-negative bacteria.
Q: What is contact inhibition?
A: Contact inhibition is a phenomenon shown by the normal cells in the animals which involves when two…
Q: How can you distinguish between a competitive inhibitor and an uncompetitive inhibitor…
A: Competitive inhibitor- In competitive inhibitor, an inhibitor that resembles the normal substrate…
Q: What is the action mechanism of the antibiotic penicillin?
A: Antibiotics are the class of molecules that kills or inhibits the pathogenic microbes and their…
Q: What are prodrugs? How is the therapeutic effect of a prodrug affected by enzyme inhibition and…
A: Prodrugs undergo a transformation before exhibiting its pharmacological effects. They comprise…
Q: What advantages do analogs like ampicillin and methicillin have over penicillin?
A: Drugs are medications that are taken in the prescribed amounts under the supervision of doctors to…
Q: How do uncoupling agents work?
A: Uncoupling agents are also known as uncoupler. They are molecules that disrupts the oxidative…
Q: For what purposes is alcohol a useful antiseptic?
A: A microorganism is a microscopic organism which may exist in its single-celled form or in a colony…
Q: What is the molecular site of oligomycin action?
A: Oligomycin is a macrolide. It is produced naturally by Streptomyces. It is an inhibitor of the…
Q: What is the underlying molecular mechanism of action for the antibiotic novobiocin?
A: Novobiocin is an antibiotic that is obtained from Streptomyces niveus. It is also called cathomycin…
Q: What is the difference between pure and mixed noncompetitive inhibition?
A: Pure competitive inhibition is the type of inhibition in which the inhibitor binds to the site other…
Q: Match these drugs with the following functions Cell wall synthesis inhibitors 50s Ribosomal…
A: The antibiotics are compounds that act by selectively targeting crucial cellular pathways in…
Q: an improve pharmacodynamic properties of H1-Antihistamine drugs?
A: Drugs are the substances taken to treat a certain complication or a disease in our body that help to…
Q: Where is the site of action of inhibitor 2?
A: Inhibitors are the substances that interrupt the interaction of enzyme and substrate complex.
Q: how does the ratio of cholesterol to phospholipids in a liposome affect drug encapsulation?
A: Phospholipids are a type of chemical molecule that has a hydrophilic head composed of a phosphate…
Q: Is Penicillin a weak antibiotic?
A: The antibiotics are antimicrobial substances. It is active against the bacteria. It is the medicine…
Q: What are the advantages of live preparations?
A: Vaccines impart adaptive immunity against certain pathogens.
Q: What modifications can be done to streptomycin's structure to enhance its pharmacokinetics and…
A: Streptomycin is the primary found aminoglycoside antibiotic, initially isolated from the micro…
Q: How can we identify a competitive inhibitor?
A: Enzyme inhibitions are the mechanism of inhibiting the catalytic reactions of an enzyme by using…
Q: What are the pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic parameters of H-1 antihistamine drug?
A: Introduction The determination of the kinetic and dynamic mechanism of a chemical compound gives a…
Q: What exactly are prodrugs? How do enzyme inhibition and induction impact the therapeutic action of a…
A: Before demonstrating pharmacological effects, prodrugs go through a metamorphosis. They are composed…
Q: Define the following terms: a. competitive inhibitor b. uncompetitive inhibitor c. noncompetitive…
A: Most of the terms stated here are related to the mechanism of enzyme action.
Q: How can we identify an uncompetitive inhibitor?
A: The enzyme is a protein molecule that acts as a biocatalyst. This helps to facilitate many…
Q: For each of the following antibiotics, identify its mechanism of action. Antibiotic Mechanism of…
A: Antibiotics are antimicrobial substances that are effective against microorganisms.
Q: What is the mode of action for kanamycin? Is it bacteriostatic or bactericidal?
A: Antibiotics are the substance or medicines that either kill the bacteria or cease the growth of…
Q: What are the advantages and disadvantages to semisynthetic penicillins?
A: Antibiotics are antimicrobial substances that control or inhibit the growth of microorganisms,…
Q: Why are uncompetitive and mixed inhibitors generally considered to be more eff ective in vivo than…
A: Enzyme inhibitors are those that block the enzyme activity. Enzyme inhibitors are of several types.
Q: What is the site of action of inhibitor 1?
A: inhibitors are the compounds that modify the catalytic properties of the enzyme and, therefore, slow…
Q: Why gentamicin and tetracycline are not effective against eukaryotic microorganisms such as fungi?
A: Tetracycline and gentamicin are antimicrobial agents.
categorize the following into reversible or irreversible (competitive or non-competitive) inhibitors. No explanation is required, just list the name of the inhibitor.
|
a) Penicillin |
|
|
b) Cyanide |
|
|
c) Aspirin |
|
|
d) Tipranavir |
|
Step by step
Solved in 2 steps
- Selective toxicity of a drug refers to a) damage to pathogenic organisms only b) damage to prokaryotic cell membranes c) damage to the target organisms but not the host cell d) easily broken down by the host and pathogen.Identify the single most correct choice: () a) lodine can inactivate microbial cellular proteins. ( b) Alcohols may dissolve lipids and hence possess antimicrobial activities. c) Moist heat may result in protein denaturation and hence possess antimicrobial activities. 7 d) a and c e) b and c f) a, b and cThe structures of two antiviral drugs are shown below. Draw the structures of the natural compounds they mimic and briefly describe in your own words the mechanism of action of these drugs. Br- `NH НО N' HO-P Но- HO Но. он (a) Foscarnet (b) Brivudine
- Below, you can see a picture of an antimicrobial drug. Regarding semi-synthetic antimicrobial drug development to try to avoid development of antibiotic resistance, use 1 sentence to address what is the significance/value of the presence of the various R-groups (e.g. R4, R5, R6, etc.)?17) Which of the following is the drug of choice for the treatment of Methicillin-Oxicillin Resistant Staphylococcus Aureus (MRSA)? A) Vancomycin B) SMZ/TMP C) Penicillin G D) CiprofloxacinWhich of the following inhibitors are correctly grouped? (Hint: same target) O cyanide, amytal, rotenon O oligomycin, antimycin A, piericidin O amytal, antimycin A, oligomycin O carbon monoxide, azide, cyanide
- Tylenol 3 with Codeine is an example of a _______________ drug. A) Schedule II B) Schedule III C) Schedule IV D) Schedule VWhich one of these is NOT a possible justification for formulating medicines of the active pharmaceutical ingredient (API) and various expcipients? a) The API is stabilised by excipients to avoid appreciable degradation before administration b) The possibility of irritation to the body by API is reduced by the excipients c) A phatmalogical effect is exerted by both API and excipients d) The API cannot be used undiluted as it is very potentAntibiotics are very important in modern medical treatment: a) How is Giardia, a eukaryotic pathogenic parasite, affected by penicillin? Explain your answer. b) Is it beneficial to use sulfonamide and trimethoprim at the same time to treat an infection? Motivate your answer.
- Substances that are naturally produced by certain microorganisms that can either inhibit or destroy other microorganisms are called: a)semisynthetic drugs b) narrow-spectrum drugs c) antibiotics d) synthetic drugsImportant characteristics of antimicrobial drugs include: a) readily delivered to the site of infection b) high toxicity against microbial cells c) do not cause serious side effects in humans d) remains active in body tissues and fluids e) all of the aboveA solution of ascorbic acid for injection is prepared for: A) Water for injection B) Purified water C) Water for injection, purified from CO2. D) Water for injection saturated with CO2.