Calculate the percentage decrease in monochromatic intensity I, when the light passes throughthe layer, which has the normal optical depth or optical thickness equal to 0.4 and a beam ofradiation directed straight downward (zenith angle O=0)|

When light passes through some material, it interacts with the atoms present inside the material.…

Answered: Calculate the percentage decrease in…

University Physics Volume 3

17th Edition

ISBN:9781938168185

Author:William Moebs, Jeff Sanny

Publisher:William Moebs, Jeff Sanny

Chapter4: Diffraction

Section: Chapter Questions

Problem 75P: The structure of the NaCl crystal forms reflecting planes 0.541 nm apart. What is the smallest...

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An X-ray scattering experiment is performed on a crystal whose atoms form planes separated by 0.440 nm. Using an X-ray source of wavelength 0.548 nm, what is the angle (with respect to the planes in question) at which the experimenter needs to illuminate the crystal in order to observe a first-order maximum?
On a certain crystal, a first-order X-ray diffraction maximum is observed at an angle of 27.1° relative to its surface, using an X-ray source of unknown wavelength. Additionally, when illuminated with a different, this time of known wavelength 0.137 nm, a second-order maximum is detected at 37.3°. Determine (a) the spacing between the reflecting planes, and (b) the unknown wavelength.
An electric current through hydrogen gas produces several distinct wavelengths of visible light. What are the wavelengths of the hydrogen spectrum, if they form first-order maxima at angles 24.2°, 25.7°, 29.1°, and 41.0° when projected on a diffraction grating having 10,000 lines per centimeter?
As a single crystal is rotated in an x-ray spectrometer (Fig. 3.22a), many parallel planes of atoms besides AA and BB produce strong diffracted beams. Two such planes are shown in Figure P3.38. (a) Determine geometrically the interplanar spacings d1 and d2 in terms of d0. (b) Find the angles (with respect to the surface plane AA) of the n = 1, 2, and 3 intensity maxima from planes with spacing d1. Let = 0.626 and d0 = 4.00 . Note that a given crystal structure (for example, cubic) has interplanar spacings with characteristic ratios, which produce characteristic diffraction patterns. In this way, measurement of the angular position of diffracted x-rays may be used to infer the crystal structure. Figure P3.38 Atomic planes in a cubic lattice.
If a microscope can accept light from objects at angles as large as =70 , what is the smallest structure that can be resolved when illuminated with light of wavelength 500 nm and (a) the specimen is in air? (b) When the specimen is immersed in oil, with index of refraction of 1.52?
The diamond has a face-centered cubic crystal lattice, and there are eight atoms in a unit cell. Its density is 3.51 g cm -3 Calculate the first six angles at which reflections would be ob tained using an X-ray beam of wavelength 7.12 pm.
Beam of X- rays of A = 0.842A° is incident on a crystal at a grazing angle of 8.35 when the first Bragg's reflection occu rs calculate the glancing angle for third order reflection.
To make a hologram using an Argon laser (1 = 0.488 µm), the maximum angle between objective and reference beams is 0max resolution (or spatial frequency) of the holographic recording film (fo – lines per mm)? 40°. What is the requirement on the minimum 0.633 um). Assume that z, When the hologram is reconstructed using a HeNe laser (A 10cm, z, = 2z,, Zp transversal and axial magnification (M; and Ma). = 00, please compute virtual and real image locations (Fz;), the
When X-rays of wavelength lambada = 0.20nm are re-flected off the face of a crystal, a Bragg maximum is observed at a glancing angle theta= 17.5 degrees of with sufficient intensity that it is judged to be first order.(a)What is the spacing d of the planes that are paral-lel to the face in question? (b)What are the glancing angles of all higher order maxima?
An optical fiber ('silica-glass') has a 'core' core with diameter 2a = 4µm and index of refraction n1 = 1.468 and a cladding shell with n2 = 1.447. (a) Calculate the numerical NA aperture of the optical fiber and the 2αmax air acceptance angle. (b) Using the data in the table below, calculate the number of modes for each length waveform: 870, 1312, 1550nm. (c) The optical power incident on the fiber by a diode laser, which operates at λ = 1312nm, is approximately 5mW. A photodetector at the fiber output requires minimal power of 5nW to do signal detection. What is the maximum fiber length that can be used without having to insert a signal repeater/regenerator into the system?
When a diffraction pattern of a crystalline solid is recorded using an X-ray beam of wavelength 0.26 nm, the first order diffraction peak occurs at a scattering angle of 35°. If the error in the measurements of angle and wayelength are 1° and 0.01 nm respectively, then determine the error in measuring the interplanar spacing. (a) 22.86 nm (b) 32.38 nm (c) 15.2 nm (d) 13.2 nm
b) A Fabry-Perot device contains two parallel part-reflective surfaces, each with a power re- flection coefficient R = 0.92, separated by an air gap of 40 μm. The device is used at a small but non-zero angle of incidence, such that there is a transmission maximum at wavelength 589 nm. Calculate the coefficient of finesse, and the resolving power. If a sodium lamp emits 2 spectral lines at 589.0 and 589.6 nm respectively, comment on whether these two lines can be resolved by the device.

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Calculate the percentage decrease in monochromatic intensity I, when the light passes through the layer, which has the normal optical depth or optical thickness equal to 0.4 and a beam of radiation directed straight downward (zenith angle O=0)|