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- 3. Why the aggregate demand curve slopes downward The following graph shows the aggregate demand (AD) curve in a hypothetical economy. At point A, the price level is 120, and the quantity of output demanded is $500 billion. Moving up along the aggregate demand curve from point A to point B, the price level rises to 140, and the quantity of output demanded falls to $300 billion. 170 180 150 B 140 130 A 120 110 AD 100 90 100 200 300 400 500 600 700 800 REAL GDP (Billions of dollars) PRICE LEVELFollowing a tax cut by government, domestic investment will ________ and net exports will ________. increase; increase increase; decrease decrease; increase decrease; decreaseWhat is fiscal deficit and what are two reasons why this economic statistic is so closely monitored in small fixed exchange rate economies?
- When a country's currency appreciates, the prices of its exports in terms of foreign currency will ______. remain constant decrease increase fluctuate randomly.3) Show AD curve for closed and open economy and derive trade balance (NX) curve from there. Explain graphically how an expansionary fiscal policy may not help a low income country eliminate trade deficit. What should be done in such a case? Clearly indicate the changes.We showed in Eq. (2.10) that S = 1 + CA, where S is national saving, / is investment, and CA is the current account balance. Calculations of national saving and investment depend on the treatment of government investment. In the text, we treated government purchases, G, as if they were consumption expenditures. Therefore, Eq. (2.7) states that government saving is Saovt = (T - TR- INT)- G, so that (1) national saving in Eq. (2.8) is S = Y + NEP- C-G, and (2) I in Eq. (2.10) is gross private domestic investment GPDI. As mentioned in the text, a more detailed treatment recognizes that government purchases comprise consumption expenditures, which we will call GCE, and government investment, which we will call GI, so G = GCE + GI. Now define government saving as (T- TR- INT) - GCE. With this alternative definition of government saving, show that private saving plus government saving = /+ CA, where investment (/) is the sum of GPDI and GI. Here are recent values for many of the variables…
- Question 3 (i) Explain the relationship between the current account balance given by exports (X) minus imports (M) and the following four variables: private investment (I), private savings (S), Taxes (T) and government expenditure on goods and services (G). (ii) Explain the difference between a closed economy fiscal multiplier and an open economy fiscal multiplier giving the appropriate equations. In both cases incorporate a government sector with an income tax rate given by t. (iii)Explain what is meant by the current account multiplier in relation to a fiscal expansion, giving the appropriate equation.A large open economy has desired national saving of Sd = 1200 + 1000rw, and desired national investment of Id = 1000 - 500rw. The foreign economy has desired national saving of = 1300 + 1000rw, and desired national investment of = 1800 - 500rw. Suppose the foreign country's government increases its spending by 300 and private saving does not change. Then in equilibrium, the foreign country has net exports equal to____Suppose that the government deficit is 20, interest on the government debt is 15, taxes are 55, government expenditures are 50, consumption expenditures are 65, ne factor payments are 25, the current account surplus is - 10, and national saving is 40. Calculate the following (not necessarily in the order given): a. Private disposable income = b. Transfers from the government to the private sector = c. Gross national product d. Gross domestic product : e. The government surplus = f. Net exports %D g. Investment expenditures =
- a) In the open economy ISLM model, describe the effects of fiscal and monetary ex- pansions with fixed and flexible exchange rates using diagrams. Compare also the effects of a fiscal expansion in an open economy ISLM model with fixed ex- change rates to a fiscal expansion in a closed economy ISLM model. b) Explain the differences of how the labour supply decision is made for households and how it is made for unions. Is it the case that the existence of unions always increases unemployment? c) Describe how the aggregate demand schedule is derived in the ASAD model un- der both fixed and flexible exchange rates. In which of the two can the position of the long-run AD schedule be changed by domestic policy?QUESTION 4Suppose policy makers want to increase output (Y) and increase net exports (NX). Which of the following policies would most likely achieve this? an increase in government spending a real depreciation an increase in government spending and an increase in the real exchange rate an increase in the real exchange rateExpansionary fiscal policy is a useful instrument which can be used to stimulate aggregate spending in an economy. In the case of an open economy, the use of this type of policy can have a significant impact on the trade balance. Discuss, with the aid of clearly labelled graphs, how such an expansionary policy decision will impact on the goods market and net exports