1. 65 years old woman with low physical activity got the excess carbohydrates (about 400 g daily) for several years. The laboratory value of total cholesterol in serum blood was 260 mg/dl. Why the excess consumption of carbohydrates can cause hypercholesterolemia? To answer the question: a) compare the cholesterol concentration in the serum blood of the patient with the normal range; b) draw the schemes of the metabolic pathways confirming that overeating of carbohydrates can result in hypercholesterolemia; c) draw the scheme of the cholesterol synthesis regulation; d) give your prescriptions for the diet and treatment of the patient.
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- 4. A 50-year-old man with low physical activity used to eat about 250 g offatty meat daily for several years. The laboratory value of total cholesterol was 300 mg/dl. Why can the excess consumption of fatty meat cause hypercholesterolemia? To answer the question: a) compare the cholesterol concentration in the scrum blood of the patient with the normal range; b) name all possible causes of the hypercholesterolemia; c) describe the ways of the cholesterol excretion from a body; d) give your prescriptions for the diet and treatment of the patient.Explain why do we need to determine the glucose in blood and other details during blood analysis.In the ESTIMATION OF TOTAL SERUM CHOLESTEROL using ZAK AND HENLY’S METHOD, explain why should the serum stay clear? What are the implications of using a turbid serum sample?
- Please don't provide handwritten solution .... In sickle cell anemia, only one substitution of glutamic acid by valine (one amino acid substitution), is known to be the most possible cause that changes normal red blood cells into sickle cell red blood cells. True FalseElevated blood plasma levels of alkaline phosphatase (hyperphosphatasaemia) are an indication of a number of pathologies. Briefly comment on the use of alkaline phosphatase assays as a diagnostic aid for a single common medical condition. (word limit 120 words including citations and references.Determine whether the followeing statements are true or false:- a) Ribose must be ingested with food. b) The glucose content in whole blood of 3.3-5.5 µmol / L is normal. c) Sucrose is found in the blood.
- A single dose of 300mg of drug is 63% bioavailable by the IM route. The same drug is 42% bioavailable by the oral route. How many 150mg tablets would need to be administered PO BID to achieve plasma levels comparable to the IM dose?a. How much NS was diluted? b. How much Gentamicin was diluted? c what is the desired concentration?i. Explain the behaviour of the amino acids (Alanine, Lysine, aspartic acid) during the ion exchangeprocedure.ii. Explain the behaviour of the amino acids (Alanine, Lysine, aspartic acid) during TLC. How does thesolvent affect the rate of migration iii. How does the column chromatography the amino acids (Alanine, Lysine, aspartic acid) with fraction eluted with HCl and phosphate buffer have an effect in cellulose TLC and the actual TLC?
- 8. Ketone bodies were found in the urine of the patient with diabetes mellitus. Explain the sequence of metabolic changes resulting in ketonuria. For that answer the question and do the following tasks: a) what are the ranges of ketone bodics in blood of the healthy pcople and the patients with diabetes mellitus? b) explain the main changes in hormonal regulation of patient with diabetes mellitus; c) explain why the level of free fatty acids in the blood is clevated; d) name the pathways of lipid metabolism which becomes more active in patients with diabetes mellitus; e) draw the scheme of ketone body synthesis and oxidation.6. Kwashiorkor is the discase caused by a deficiency of proteins in the diet that is adequate in calories due to carbohydrates. Children with kwashiorkor suffer from muscle wasting, low level of plasma proteins and fatty liver. Explain the cause of increased content of TAG in the liver (fatty liver). Answer the following questions and do the task: a) which lipoproteins transport fats the from liver to peripheral tissues? b) which compounds are present in the shell and inside of the lipoproteins, write the general scheme of VLDL structure; c) name the apoproteins required for VLDL formation; d) explain the possible cause of fatty liver development.Cimetidine is used in the treatment and management of gastric ulcers and gastroesophageal reflux disease. In the case of an active ulcer, cimetidine can be administered continuous by IV infusion at a dose rate of 37.5 mg/hr. If the concentration of the cimetidine solution is 6 mg/ml, then how many milliliters must be available for a 4-hr infusion?Misoprostol is used to prevent NSAID-induced gastric ulcers. A daily dose consists of two tablets administered four times each day. What is the size of one day’s dose if each tablet contains 100 mcg of misoprostol?