(b) TABLE 3 shows data phase equilibrium diagram for carbon dioxide. TABLE 3 Pressure (atm) 5.2 Temperature (°C) Triple point Critical point -57 73 31 (i) Sketch a phase diagram for carbon dioxide (ii) Explain the phase changes that could possibly occur when a sample of carbon dioxide in a closed vessel under 1 atm pressure and a temperature of -78°C is pressurised isothermally to 10atm, followed by isobaric heating to 20°C.
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- The phase diagram for SO2 is shown here. (a) What doesthis diagram tell you about the enthalpy change in thereaction SO2(l) ---->SO2(g)? (b) Calculate the equilibriumconstant for this reaction at 100 °C and at 0 °C.(c) Why is it not possible to calculate an equilibrium constantbetween the gas and liquid phases in the supercriticalregion? (d) At which of the three points marked in reddoes SO2(g) most closely approach ideal-gas behavior?(e) At which of the three red points does SO2(g) behaveleast ideally?C6H12O6(aq) + 6O2(g) 6CO2(g) + 6H2O(l)ΔH = –2802.7 kJ mol –1a) Write an expression for the equilibrium constant for this reaction.b) At equilibrium, the concentration of the reactants and products are determined as [CO2] = 0.30 M, [O2] = 0.040 M and [C6H12O6] = 0.065 M. Determine the value of the equilibrium constant (Kc) and predict the whether the products or reactants will be favoured at equilibrium.c) Given that the concentrations of the reactants and products at a particular time are [CO2] = 0.65 M, [O2] = 0.020 M and [C6H12O6] = 0.055 M, determine the reaction quotient (Qc). Compare the Kc and Qc values and predict the favoured direction of the reaction.d) Explain the effect on equilibrium of:i) Increasing temperatureii) Increasing pressureiii) Decreasing the concentration of oxygeniv) Increasing the concentration of carbon dioxidev) Adding a catalystWhat is AG for the decomposition of CaCO3 at 298 K and a partial pressure of CO2 of 4.00x10-4 bar? CaCO3(s) → CaO(s) + CO2(g) AGrxn (298 K, Pco2 = 0.400 mbar) = ??? CO2(g) Compound AG°; (kJ mol·1) CACO3(s) СаО(s) -1129 -604 -394
- Hydrogen gas can be produced from the reaction of graphite and steam according to the following reaction: C(s, graphite) + H2O(g) - CO(g) + H2(g) K = 2.77x10-4 at 650 K 2.67 bar of gaseous H20 and excess graphite are added to a sealed container and then heated to 650 K. What is the partial pressure of gaseous H2, in units of bar, when the system reaches dynamic equilibrium?Refer to Fig. 4A.8. Describe the phase or phases present as the pressure on a sample of CO2 is steadily increased from 0.1 atm: (a) at a constant temperature of 200 K; (b) at a constant temperature of 310 K; (c) at a constant temperature of 216.8 K.A quantity of methyl acetate is placed in an open, transparent, three-liter flask and boiled long enough to purge all air from the vapor space. The flask is then sealed and allowed to equilibrate at 30°C, at which temperature methyl acetate has a vapor pressure of 269 mm Hg. Visual inspection shows 10 mL of liquid methyl acetate present.(a) What is the pressure in the flask at equilibrium? Explain your reasoning.(b) What is the total mass (grams) of methyl acetate in the flask? What fraction is in the vapor phase atequilibrium?(c) The above answers would be different if the species in the vessel were ethyl acetate because methyl acetate and ethyl acetate have different vapor pressures. Give a rationale for that difference.
- 3. A 12.0 cm3 sample of liquid H2O (density 1.00 g.cm-3) is heated to 328 oC under an external pressure of 0.8 atm, conditions under which it vapourises: (i) Calculate the volume of the gas. (ii) Calculate the mass of the same volume (as in part i) of CO2 gas under the same conditions. (iii) Calculate temperature of that sample of CO2 (as in part ii) at 8.0 atm pressure in a 20.0 L container.The sealed containers of fizzy drinks contain dissolved CO2. This dissolved CO2 is in equilibrium with a small quantity of gaseous CO2 at the top of the container. (a) The partial pressure of CO2 gas in a 250 cm3 can of fizzy drink is 3.0 atm at 25 0C. What is the concentration of CO2 in the fizzy drink? (b) If the can contain only the mass of CO2 1.09g as a gas, calculate the pressure in the can when it is stored at 25 0C. (c) The maximum pressure that a can of fizzy drink can withstand is 7 atm. Using the graph below, determine the maximum temperature at which a can, can be stored safely. (concentration=0.093M12 (a) (b) Describe how you can obtain the integrated form of the Clapeyron equation as below. State any assumptions you have to make. Afus H (T-T) P₂≈ P₁+ AfusV T₁ The heat of fusion (Afus H) of Hg at its normal melting point (-38.9 °C) is 2.82 cal.g¹. The densities of Hg(s) and Hg(1) at -38.9 °C and 1 atm are 14.193 and 13.690 g cm Estimate the melting point of Hg at 100 atm using the result in (a). respectively. Ans 234.8K or -38.4°C
- 7. The solubility, C, of sucrose in water, expressed as grams of sucrose per 100 g of solvent, is given as below t/°C C/g 0 179.2 10 20 203.9 190.5 30 219.5 [ΔΗ (a) Draw an appropriate graph to determine the molar enthalpy of solution of sucrose in the temperature range 0 to 40°C. (b) 50mL of saturated solution of benzoic acid at 25°C requires 12.8 mL of 0.05 M NaOH to completely neutralize. What is the solubility of benzoic acid in g/L water at 25°C. so ln,m 40 238.1 = 4.96 kJ/mol, Cbenzoic acid = 1.56g/L]The sealed containers of fizzy drinks contain dissolved CO2. This dissolved CO2 is in equilibrium with a small quantity of gaseous CO2 at the top of the container. (a) The partial pressure of CO2 gas in a 250 cm3 can of fizzy drink is 3.0 atm at 25 0C. What is the concentration of CO2 in the fizzy drink? (b) If the can contain only the mass of CO2 calculated in part (ii) as a gas, calculate the pressure in the can when it is stored at 25 0C. (c) The maximum pressure that a can of fizzy drink can withstand is 7 atm. Using the graph below, determine the maximum temperature at which a can, can be stored safely. (concentration=0.093M)Hydrogen gas can be produced from the reaction of graphite and steam according to the following reaction: C(s, graphite) + H20(g) = CO(g) + H2(g) K= 2.77x10-4 at 650 K 6.27 bar of gaseous H20 and excess graphite are added to a sealed container and then heated to 650 K. What is the partial pressure of gaseous H2, in units of bar, when the system reaches dynamic equilibrium? Your Answer: Answer Answer units