b) Polymorphism is essential to object-oriented programming for one reason: it allows a general class to specify methods that will be common to all of its derivatives, while allowing subclasses to define the specific implementation of some or all of those methods. There has some feature in java programming where some methods must be overridden in sub classes and some methods can't be overridden in subclasses. Illustrate all possible solution with appropriate example.
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- Implement the classes according to the given class diagram. It shows both the composition and aggregation relationships. Driver has a Vehicle and Engine is a part of that Vehicle. [Note: consider the necessary data members, constructors, destructors and member functions accordingly] Note: solve as soon as possible use C++ LANGUAGE Class diagram is givenAbstraction is the basis for good Object-Oriented design that is modular, reusable, and maintainable. Interfaces and Abstract classes are two mechanisms in Java that provide high-level abstractions. An interface or abstract class is something which is not concrete, something which is incomplete. what do you think is meant by “Programming to an interface”? What are some differences between Abstract Classes and Interfaces? Provide a simple example application with an interface definition and a class which implements the interface.Give two other terms, each, for base class and derived class. Explain why generics may be useful in an object-oriented language, despite the extensive polymorphism already provided by inheritance.
- In order to qualify as a subclass of an abstract class, a class must offer concrete implementations for all of the abstract methods defined in the abstract parent class. Exactly how do you feel about this?Draw and explain the chart for implementing accessibility control using package in Java. Write program for the following. 1. Create an abstract parent class Parent, with Abstract method show, Abstract method display, Concrete method callme 2. Create two concert sub classes Child1 and Child2 which inherits the Parent class. 3. Declare a reference variable of the parent class and create one object for each child class. 4. Assign the reference of the object of child class to the reference variable of the parent class and implement dynamic method dispatch for all the possible methods in each child class.Question 2: Recall and apply the concepts of object oriented programming (Java) (iii) We have to calculate the percentage of marks obtained in three subjects (each out of 100) by student A and in four subjects (each out of 100) by student B. Create an abstract class 'Marks' with an abstract method 'getPercentage'. It is inherited by two other classes 'A' and 'B' each having a method with the same name which returns the percentage of the students. The constructor of student A takes the marks in three subjects as its parameters and the marks in four subjects as its parameters for student B. Create an object for eac of the two classes and print the percentage of marks for both the students.
- Each concrete subclass of an abstract class must provide equivalent implementations for all abstract methods defined by the superclass. How truthful or untrue is that?Answer by true or false 1.An abstract class can contain only abstract methods . 2. An abstract class that extends another abstract class must provide an implementation for all the abstract methods that are defined in the superclass . 3. A parent's constructor can be invoked using the super reference . 4. All Java classes are derived , directly or indirectly , from the Object class . 5. The child of one class can be the parent of one or more other classes .Abstraction is a concept of OOP which advocates for hiding of unnecessary information. For example, if a superclass is not meant to be instantiated, it can be abstracted such that no instances will be made -- only non-abstract instances that extend it can be made. True False
- By inheriting from an abstract class, a subclass is obligated to implement each and every one of its parent class's abstract methods. Is there a mistake in my understanding of this?Justification for your preference for interfaces over abstract classes.ragile base class (FBC) is an architectural problem of object-oriented systems where base classes are considered "fragile" because minor changes to the base classes breaks many of the subclasses. We can argue that base classes and sub-classes are tightly coupled due to inheritance, and therefore, the problem is foundmental in whitw-box reuse (inheritance). Based on your understanding of how inheirtance works in Java, discuss at lease one poor practice that introduces the FBC problem and therefore, how we can avoid or minimize the problem. Your discussion does not have to be "perfect", but it must be yours.