Assume a market consists of two upstream firms, and they are sole suppliers of their respective products. Each of these monopolists sell at a linear price to one downstream duopolist each. What would be the effect of vertical integration (so that each upstream monopolist owns its retail outlet) on the final good price?
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Assume a market consists of two upstream firms, and they are sole suppliers of their respective products. Each of these monopolists sell at a linear price to one downstream duopolist each. What would be the effect of vertical integration (so that each upstream monopolist owns its retail outlet) on the final good price?
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- Consider two price-setting oligopolies supplying consumers in a certain region of a country. Firm 1 employs many of the people living there and the local government subsidizes its operations. In all other respects, the firms are identical-they have the same constant marginal cost, MC = 4, and produce the same good. The demand function for Firm 1 is q1 = 600 - 50p1 - 20p2 and for Firm 2 is q2 = 600 - 50p2 - 20p1, where p1 is Firm 1's price and p2 is Firm 2's price. a. What are the Nash-Bertrand equilibrium prices and quantities without the subsidy? b. What are they if Firm 1 receives a per-unit subsidy of S = 1? Compare the two equilibria.Imagine any market divided by 2 Cournot oligopolists who have identical costs Marginal cost = Average cost = 200. About this market, ask yourself: a) If the demand curve for this market is given by Q = 1250 - 2.5P, where Q is the total quantity demanded in the market and P is the selling price, both given in units, what is the reaction curve of the oligopolists? b) What will be the quantity produced and the selling price of the oligopolists? c) A strategist considers that a good marketing campaign would be able to expand the Demand of this market to Q = 1,500 - 2.5P and that in this way, oligopolists could produce the same amount and make significantly greater profits. Such a campaign would generate a reduction in profits in the order of 70,000. Is it worth making this investment in marketing?Consider any market that has a demand curve given by: Qd = 240 - 2P. Where Qd is the total quantity demanded in the market, given in millions of units and P is the market price, calculated in monetary units. Imagine that there are 2 Cournot oligopolists operating in this market with Cmg = CVme = 15 and fixed monthly costs equal to 1,400. About this market, ask yourself: a) What is the reaction curve of oligopolists? b) What will be the production of each of the companies? c) What is the selling price practiced by oligopolists? d) What is the profit of each of the oligopolists? e) Imagine that one of the companies managed to implement a process innovation capable of halving its Cmg and CVme, so that they would go from 15 to 7.5. This investment implies an additional monthly expense of $1,800. Discuss the statement: "If this situation occurs, the innovative company will not implement variable cost reduction, as the quantity supplied in the market will increase very little; prices will…
- Could you answer #2 please? Thanks! 1. Reproduce the numerical example from the chapter on Monopolistic Competition in the book by Krugman & Obstfeld. If you do not have the book, here is the relevant information (the model and the equations are the same as those in the slides). Consider two countries, Home and Foreign, with the following market sizes: SH = 900,000 and SF = 1,600,000. The demand function for industry i is represented by Q = S[( 1 / n − 1 / 30,000) ∙ (Pi − P)] While the total cost function is represented by TC = 750,000,000 + 5,000 ∙ Q (a) Compute the long-run equilibrium price and the long-run number of varieties in Home and in Foreign under AUTARKY. (b) Compute the long-run equilibrium price and the long-run number of varieties in the integrated market when there is FREE TRADE. (c) Compare (a) and (b) and show that both countries are better off. 2. Now suppose that the two countries that we considered in the numerical example of the previous exercise were to…Suppose Clomper's is a monopolist that manufactures and sells Stompers, an extremely trendy shoe brand with no close substitutes. The following graph shows the market demand and marginal revenue (MR) curves Clomper's faces, as well as its marginal cost (MC), which is constant at $30 per pair of Stompers. For simplicity, assume that fixed costs are equal to zero; this, combined with the fact that Clomper's marginal cost is constant, means that its marginal cost curve is also equal to the average total cost (ATC) curve. First, suppose that Clomper's cannot price discriminate. That is, it must charge each consumer the same price for Stompers regardless of the consumer's willingness and ability to pay. On the following graph, use the black point (plus symbol) to indicate the profit-maximizing price and quantity. Next, use the purple points (diamond symbol) to shade the profit, the green points (triangle symbol) to shade the consumer surplus, and the black points (plus symbol) to shade the…Consider any market that has a demand curve given by: Qd = 240 - 2P. Where Qd is the total quantity demanded in the market, given in millions of units and P is the market price, calculated in monetary units. Imagine that there are 2 Cournot oligopolists operating in this market with Cmg = CVme = 15 and fixed monthly costs equal to 1,400. About this market, ask yourself: a) What is the profit of each of the oligopolists? b) Imagine that one of the companies managed to implement a process innovation capable of halving its Cmg and CVme, so that they would go from 15 to 7.5. This investment implies an additional monthly expense of $1,800. Discuss the statement: "If this situation occurs, the innovative company will not implement variable cost reduction, as the quantity supplied in the market will increase very little; prices will remain very close to what they are today and its profits will not increase"
- Consider a downstream monopolist producing a final good that requires two inputs in fixed proportions. Input 1 is produced by upstream monopolist U1 and input 2 is produced by upstream monopolist U2. Suppose that the demand function for the final product is linear and the marginal costs of production for the upstream producers and final producer (other than for the two inputs) are equal to zero. What is the effect of a merger between the two upstream producers? a) The merger reduces the quantity of the final product sold to consumers and the merged firm's profits. b) The merger reduces the quantity of the final product sold to consumers and increases the merged firm's profits c) The merger increases the quantity of the final product sold to consumers and the merged firm's profits. d) The merger increases the quantity of the final product sold to consumers and decreases the merged firm's profits. e) Cannot be determined given the information provided.Assume that two companies (A and B) are duopolists who produce identical products. Demand for the products is given by the following linear demand function: P=200-QA - QB where QA and QB are the quantities sold by the respective firms and P is the selling price. Total cost functions for the two companies are TCA = 1,500 + 55QA + Q₁² Assume that the firms form a cartel to act as a monopolist and maximize total industry profits (sum of Firm A and Firm B profits). In such a case, Company A will produce units and sell at Similarly, Company B will produce At the optimum output levels, Company A earns total profits of $ total industry profits are $ At the optimum output levels, the marginal cost of Company A is $ Cournot Equilibrium Company A Company B Total Industry Selling price The following table shows the long-run equilibrium if the firms act independently, as in the Cournot model (i.e., each firm assumes that the other firm's output will not change). Total industry output Price Output…BYOB is a monopolist in beer production and distribution in the imaginary economy of Hopsville. Suppose that BYOB cannot price discriminate; that is, it sells its beer at the same price per can to all customers. The following graph shows the marginal cost (MCMC), marginal revenue (MRMR), average total cost (ATCATC), and demand (D�) for beer in this market. On the following graph, place the black point (plus symbol) to indicate the profit-maximizing price and quantity for BYOB. If BYOB is making a profit, use the green rectangle (triangle symbols) to shade in the area representing its profit. If BYOB is suffering a loss, use the purple rectangle (diamond symbols) to shade in the area representing its loss. Suppose that BYOB charges $2.50 per can. Your friend Felix says that since BYOB is a monopoly with market power, it should charge a higher price of $3.00 per can because this will increase BYOB's profit. Complete the following table to determine whether Felix is correct.…
- BYOB is a monopolist in beer production and distribution in the imaginary economy of Hopsville. Suppose that BYOB cannot price discriminate; that is, it sells its beer at the same price per can to all customers. The following graph shows the marginal cost (MC), marginal revenue (MR), average total cost (ATC), and demand (D) for beer in this market. Place the black point (plus symbol) on the graph to indicate the profit-maximizing price and quantity for BYOB. If BYOB is making a profit, use the green rectangle (triangle symbols) to shade in the area representing its profit. On the other hand, if BYOB is suffering a loss, use the purple rectangle (diamond symbols) to shade in the area representing its loss Suppose that BYOB charges $2.75 per can. Your friend Charles says that since BYOB is a monopoly with market power, it should charge a higher price of $3.00 per can because this will increase BYOB’s profit. omplete the following table to determine whether Charles is correct.…BYOB is a monopolist in beer production and distribution in the imaginary economy of Hopsville. Suppose that BYOB cannot price discriminate; that is, it sells its beer at the same price per can to all customers. The following graph shows the marginal cost (MC), marginal revenue (MR), average total cost (ATC), and demand (D) for beer in this market. Place the black point (plus symbol) on the graph to indicate the profit-maximizing price and quantity for BYOB. If BYOB is making a profit, use the green rectangle (triangle symbols) to shade in the area representing its profit. On the other hand, if BYOB is suffering a loss, use the purple rectangle (diamond symbols) to shade in the area representing its loss. 4.00 3.50 Monopoly Outcome 3.00 ATC 2.50 Profit 2.00 Loss 1.50 MC 1.00 0.50 D MR 0.5 1.0 1.5 2.0 2.5 3.0 3.5 4.0 QUANTITY (Thousands of cans of beer) Suppose that BYOB charges $2.75 per can. Your friend Yakov says that since BYOB is a monopoly with market power, it should charge a…BYOB is a monopolist in beer production and distribution in the imaginary economy of Hopsville. Suppose that BYOB cannot price discriminate; that is, it sells its beer at the same price per can to all customers. The following graph shows the marginal cost (MC), marginal revenue (MR), average total cost (ATC), and demand (D) for beer in this market. Place the black point (plus symbol) on the graph to indicate the profit-maximizing price and quantity for BYOB. IF BYOB is making a profit, use the green rectangle (triangie symbols) to shade in the area representing its profit. On the other hand, if BYOB is suffering a loss, use the purple rectangle (diamond symbols) to shade in the area representing its loss. 4.00 3.50 Monopoly Outoome 3.00 ATC 2.50 Profit 2.00 1.50 Los MC 1.00 0.50 MR 0.5 1.0 1.5 2.0 2.5 3.0 3.5 4.0 QUANTITY (Thousands of cans of beer) PRICE (Dollars per can)