An important aspect of cell metabolism is the movement of molecules across the cell membrane. Molecules generally move down an electrochemical gradient however in many instances the opposite is required. Explain how transporters can move molecules against their electrochemical gradient – discuss the mechanism of action of sarcoplasmic reticulum Ca2+ pumps and sodium-glucose co-transporters in your answer.

Human Physiology: From Cells to Systems (MindTap Course List)
9th Edition
ISBN:9781285866932
Author:Lauralee Sherwood
Publisher:Lauralee Sherwood
Chapter7: The Peripheral Nervous System: Efferent Division
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An important aspect of cell metabolism is the movement of molecules across the cell membrane. Molecules generally move down an electrochemical gradient however in many instances the opposite is required.


Explain how transporters can move molecules against their electrochemical gradient – discuss the mechanism of action of sarcoplasmic reticulum Ca2+ pumps and sodium-glucose co-transporters in your answer. 

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