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Linear Algebra: A Modern Introduction

Linear Algebra: A Modern Introduction

4th Edition

ISBN:9781285463247

Author:David Poole

Publisher:David Poole

Chapter7: Distance And Approximation

Section7.3: Least Squares Approximation

Problem 31EQ

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Question

Computer a 95 % confidence interval for the mean prediction when the true roughness is 0.8 um

An article presents the results of an experiment in which the surface roughness (in μm) was measured for 15 D2 steel
specimens and compared with the roughness predicted by a neural network model. The results are presented in the
following table.
TRUE Value (x)
Predicted Value (y)
Check my work
0.45
0.400
0.82
0.7
0.54
0.52
0.41
0.39
0.77
0.74
0.79
0.78
0.25
0.27
0.62
0.6
0.91
0.87
0.52
0.51
1.02
0.91
0.6
0.71
0.58
0.5
0.87
0.91
1.06
1.04
To check the accuracy of the prediction method, the linear model y= Bo+B1x+ & is fit. If the prediction method is
accurate, the value of ẞo will be 0 and the value of ẞ1 will be 1.
Note: This problem has a reduced data set for ease of performing the calculations required. This differs from the data
set given for this problem in the text.

Definition Definition Measure of central tendency that is the average of a given data set. The mean value is evaluated as the quotient of the sum of all observations by the sample size. The mean, in contrast to a median, is affected by extreme values. Very large or very small values can distract the mean from the center of the data. Arithmetic mean: The most common type of mean is the arithmetic mean. It is evaluated using the formula: μ = 1 N ∑ i = 1 N x i Other types of means are the geometric mean, logarithmic mean, and harmonic mean. Geometric mean: The nth root of the product of n observations from a data set is defined as the geometric mean of the set: G = x 1 x 2 ... x n n Logarithmic mean: The difference of the natural logarithms of the two numbers, divided by the difference between the numbers is the logarithmic mean of the two numbers. The logarithmic mean is used particularly in heat transfer and mass transfer. ln x 2 − ln x 1 x 2 − x 1 Harmonic mean: The inverse of the arithmetic mean of the inverses of all the numbers in a data set is the harmonic mean of the data. 1 1 x 1 + 1 x 2 + ...

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Respiratory Rate Researchers have found that the 95 th percentile the value at which 95% of the data are at or below for respiratory rates in breath per minute during the first 3 years of infancy are given by y=101.82411-0.0125995x+0.00013401x2 for awake infants and y=101.72858-0.0139928x+0.00017646x2 for sleeping infants, where x is the age in months. Source: Pediatrics. a. What is the domain for each function? b. For each respiratory rate, is the rate decreasing or increasing over the first 3 years of life? Hint: Is the graph of the quadratic in the exponent opening upward or downward? Where is the vertex? c. Verify your answer to part b using a graphing calculator. d. For a 1- year-old infant in the 95 th percentile, how much higher is the walking respiratory rate then the sleeping respiratory rate? e. f.
If your graphing calculator is capable of computing a least-squares sinusoidal regression model, use it to find a second model for the data. Graph this new equation along with your first model. How do they compare?
Consider a model with an interaction term between being female and being married. The dependent variable is the log of the hourly wage: log(wage) = 0.151 - 0.038 female + 0.1 married - 0.301 female* married + 0.079 educ + 0.027 exper+0.029 tenure (0.072) (0.056) (0.055) (0.007) (0.005) (0.007) n = 536, R2 = 0.461 Numbers in parantheses are standard errors of coefficients. Given the estimation result and the observation number fill in the blanks below which aim at discussing the statistical significance of variables. The test statistic of the interaction term is The critical value at 1% significance level is Then the interaction term statistically significant at 1% significance level. (Hint: to fill the blank make a choice between "is" and "is not".)

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