Although 23 states barred the self-service sale of gasoline in 1968, most removed the bans by the mid-1970s. By 1992, self-service outlets sold nearly 80% of all US gas, and only New Jersey and Oregon continued to ban self- service sales. Using predictive value for self-service sales for New Jersey and Oregon Johnson and Romeo (2000) estimate that the ban in those two states raised the price by approximately $.03-$.05 per gallon. Why did the ban effect the price? Illustrate using a figure and explain. Show the welfare effects in your figure. Use a table to show who gains or loses.
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- The cross price elasticity of demand for fuel with respect to the price of transport (e.g., automobile travelincluding insurance, etc.) has been estimated to be -0.48. If the price of transport falls by 10 percent in aperiod, how will that affect the demand for fuel in that period, all other things unchanged?According to a researcher at the FDA, vegan foods are “the way if the future”. Morepersons have become health conscious and are looking for foods which will fit thislifestyle. One such food is the Beyond Burger, a plant-based alternative to beef. Notably,despite strong demand for beef burgers, the supply chain has seen a host of disruptionsthat are preventing producers from getting their products to market.Beyond Burger’s sales in Canada totaled $3.0 billion at the end of 2021, accounting for20% of all retail sales of burger patties (meat used in burgers), and 40% of the largermarket for vegan foods. By the end of 2025, sales of Beyond Burgers are projected to makeup 40% of all burger sales.i. Illustrate and explain the effect of the increased use of Beyond Burgers on (i) theburger patties market and (ii) the vegan market.Suppose that the government has a goal to reduce the demand for cigarettes in support of a health program. Given this, the government decided to impose a per-unit tax of 40 centavos per pack that is levied on the sellers or placed on the sale of cigarettes by the government. This causes a shift of the market supply of cigarettes from S to S' as shown. Price ($ per pack) 1.50 1.40 1.30 1.15 D₁ D₂ Quantity (Millions of pack) 3 4 5 Answer the following questions regarding this case. se.l 1. Is demand and supply for cigarettes elastic, unitary elastic or inelastic? (2 points) Explain your answer. (3 points) 2. Determine burden of the tax that falls on consumers and on producers. (4 points) Who bears most of the burden of the tax? (2 points) 1.25
- Give only typing answer with explanation and conclusion The elasticity of the house value with respect to the concentration level of PM10 is -9.3. Then a 11% decrease in the concentrations level of PM10 will change the house value by how much? (note: if the house value increases input a positive number if the house value decreases input a negative number)Consider public policy aimed at smoking. Studies indicate that the price elasticity of demand for cigarettes is about 0.2. If a pack of cigarettes currently costs $5 and the government wants to reduce smoking by 10%, it should increase the price by . If the government permanently increases the price of cigarettes, the effect on smoking 1 year from now will be than the effect 3 months from now. Studies also find that teenagers have a higher price elasticity of demand than do adults. Which of the following statements are consistent with this result? Check all that apply. Teenagers do not have as much income as adults, so they are more price sensitive. It is legal for adults to consume alcohol, so many choose to spend their money on that good rather than cigarettes. Adults are more likely to be addicted to cigarettes.Luchansky and Monks (2009) estimate that the U.S. demand curve for ethanol is Qequals=p Superscript negative 0.504 Baseline p Subscript g Superscript 1.269 Baseline v Superscript 2.226p−0.504p1.269gv2.226, where Q is the quantity of ethanol, p is the price of ethanol, p Subscript gpg is the price of gasoline, and v is the number of registered vehicles. What is the elasticity of demand for ethanol? Part 2 The elasticity of demand is the percentage change in quantity divided by the percentage change in price:
- Consider public policy aimed at smoking. Studies indicate that the price elasticity of demand for cigarettes is about 0.5. If a pack of cigarettes currently costs $5 and the government wants to reduce smoking by 30%, it should increase the price by . If the government permanently increases the price of cigarettes, the effect on smoking 1 year from now will be than the effect 5 years from now. Studies also find that teenagers have a higher price elasticity of demand than do adults. Which of the following statements are consistent with this result? Check all that apply. It is legal for adults to consume alcohol, so many choose to spend their money on that good rather than cigarettes. Adults are more likely to be addicted to cigarettes. Teenagers do not have as much income as adults, so they are more price sensitive.The demand for all cars is likely to be the demand for Honda Civics.In a hypothetical situation, Government of Pakistan wants to put a curb on cigarette smoking through economic policy: Studies indicate that the price elasticity of demand for cigarettes is about 0.5. If a pack of cigarettes currently costs Rs.200 and the government wants to reduce smoking by 22 percent, by how much should it increase the price? If the government permanently increases the price of cigarettes, will the policy have a larger effect on smoking one year from now or five years from now? Studies also find that teenagers have a higher price elasticity of demand than adults. Why might this be true?
- Pumpkin spice latte are the crave at Starbucks each autumn. In 2022 the average local price for the pumpkin spice latte was at $5.56 for the venti. When the 2021 price was listed at $5:35 for the venti. When setting up our model let’s assume that drinks sales have shifted with an increase of $36000 versus 2021 unit sales of $645,000 drinks. What type of elasticity would this be? Please explain how you are solving this equation.Suppose that the government tends to maximize the tax revenue. How would the cannabis price drop affect the government tax revenue if cannabis was taxed by price? Did the government anticipate the cannabis price drop when designing the tax scheme. You may come up with an artificial numerical example to support your findings. are alcohol and cigarettes substitutes or complements of cannabis? How would the change in the price of cannabis possibly affect the market demand curve for alcohol/cigarettes?Provide at least two examples of applications of demand elasticities in real life decisions?