After a stroke, Shekina has difficulty holding a pencil in her left hand correctly and can't write her name, but she has no difficulty with her balance or body posture. Where would you predict the damage to be in her CNS? Left rubrospinal tract, below the medulla Right corticospinal tract, above the medulla Left corticospinal tract, above the medulla Right vestibulospinal tract, above the medulla
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- A patient had a stroke to their left internal capsule, an area of the brain where the corticospinal pathway passes through between the cortex and the brain stem. What would you observe in this patient? Be specific with what side of the body would be impacted.Match each cranial nerve with the type of information it carries (sensory, motor, or mixed). CN I (olfactory nerve) CN II (optic nerve) CN III (oculomotor nerve) CN IV (trochlear nerve) CN V (trigeminal nerve) CN VI (abducens nerve) CN VII (facial nerve) CN VIII (vestibulocochlear nerve) CN IX (glossopharyngeal nerve) CN X (vagus nerve) CN XI (spinal accessory nerve) CN XII (hypoglossal nerve)When removing cerebrospinal fluid during a spinal tap, the needle is inserted below L2. Explain why spinal taps are not done above this level.
- Match each cranial nerve with the type of information it carries (sensory, motor, or mixed). Study your notes first, and try to do this without looking. Group of answer choices (sensory, mixed, motor) -CN I (olfactory nerve) -CN II (optic nerve) -CN III (oculomotor nerve) -CN IV (trochlear nerve) -CN V (trigeminal nerve) -CN VI (abducens nerve) -CN VII (facial nerve) -CN VIII (vestibulocochlear nerve) -CN IX (glossopharyngeal nerve)…Peyton felt strange when she awoke one morning. She could not hold a pen in her right hand when trying to write an entry in her diary, and her muscles were noticeably weaker on the right side of her body. Additionally, her husband noticed that she was slurring her speech, so he took her to the emergency room. What does the ER physician suspect has occurred? Where in the brain might the physician suspect that abnormal activity or perhaps a lesion is located, and why?some blanks may be filled with more than one term; some terms may be used more than once, some terms may not be used) ACh (acetylcholine) Brainstem CN I CN II CN III CN IV CN IX CN V CN VI CN VII CN VIII CN X CN XI CN XII Ganglionic parasympathetic neurons Ganglionic sympathetic neurons Lateral horn of spinal cord segments T1-L2 Lateral gray matter of spinal cord segments S2-S4 Medulla oblongata Midbrain NE (norepinephrine) Parasympathetic Paravertebral ganglia Parasympathetic autonomic ganglia Pelvic splanchnic nerve Pons Postganglionic parasympathetic neurons Postganglionic sympathetic neurons Preganglionic parasympathetic neurons Preganglionic sympathetic neurons Prevertebral ganglia Spinal cord segment C1-C4 Spinal cord segment C5-T1 Spinal cord segment T1-L2 Spinal cord segment L1-L4 Spinal cord segment L4-S4 Spinal cord segment S2-S4 Somatic motor neurons Somatic sensory neurons Sympathetic Sympathetic chain ganglia Sympathetic trunk ganglia Visceral sensory neurons…
- some blanks may be filled with more than one term; some terms may be used more than once, some terms may not be used) ACh (acetylcholine) Brainstem CN I CN II CN III CN IV CN IX CN V CN VI CN VII CN VIII CN X CN XI CN XII Ganglionic parasympathetic neurons Ganglionic sympathetic neurons Lateral horn of spinal cord segments T1-L2 Lateral gray matter of spinal cord segments S2-S4 Medulla oblongata Midbrain NE (norepinephrine) Parasympathetic Paravertebral ganglia Parasympathetic autonomic ganglia Pelvic splanchnic nerve Pons Postganglionic parasympathetic neurons Postganglionic sympathetic neurons Preganglionic parasympathetic neurons Preganglionic sympathetic neurons Prevertebral ganglia Spinal cord segment C1-C4 Spinal cord segment C5-T1 Spinal cord segment T1-L2 Spinal cord segment L1-L4 Spinal cord segment L4-S4 Spinal cord segment S2-S4 Somatic motor neurons Somatic sensory neurons Sympathetic Sympathetic chain ganglia Sympathetic trunk ganglia Visceral sensory neurons…some blanks may be filled with more than one term; some terms may be used more than once, some terms may not be used) ACh (acetylcholine) Brainstem CN I CN II CN III CN IV CN IX CN V CN VI CN VII CN VIII CN X CN XI CN XII Ganglionic parasympathetic neurons Ganglionic sympathetic neurons Lateral horn of spinal cord segments T1-L2 Lateral gray matter of spinal cord segments S2-S4 Medulla oblongata Midbrain NE (norepinephrine) Parasympathetic Paravertebral ganglia Parasympathetic autonomic ganglia Pelvic splanchnic nerve Pons Postganglionic parasympathetic neurons Postganglionic sympathetic neurons Preganglionic parasympathetic neurons Preganglionic sympathetic neurons Prevertebral ganglia Spinal cord segment C1-C4 Spinal cord segment C5-T1 Spinal cord segment T1-L2 Spinal cord segment L1-L4 Spinal cord segment L4-S4 Spinal cord segment S2-S4 Somatic motor neurons Somatic sensory neurons Sympathetic Sympathetic chain ganglia Sympathetic trunk ganglia Visceral sensory neurons…Match each numbered item with the most closely related lettered item.1. midbrain2. medulla oblongata3. falx cerebri4. vagus nerve5. frontal lobe6. temporal lobe7. abducens nerve8. cerebral nuclei9. superior colliculi10. thalamusa. contains the primaryauditory cortexb. innervates most thoracic/abdominal organsc. has nuclei for CN III andCN IVd. responsible for involuntaryarm swinginge. contains the motorspeech areaf. innervates lateral rectusg. sensory information relaycenterh. autonomic centers for heartrate and respirationi. dura mater fold betweencerebral hemispheresj. visual reflex centers
- An anesthetic blocks the function of the dorsal rami of the cervical spinal nerves. Which areas of the body will be affected?Julio D., who had recently retired, was enjoying an afternoon of playing golf when suddenly he experienced a severe headache and dizziness. These symptoms were quickly followed by numbness and partial paralysis on the tipper right side of his body, accompanied by an inability to speak. After being rushed to the emergency room, Julio was diagnosed as having suffered a stroke. Given the observed neurological impairment, what areas of his brain were affected?A Case of Spinal Cord Injury Jason is a 21 year old senior at the University of South Africa, majoring in economics. While on spring break in Johannesburg, Jason was involved in a motorcycle accident. In the accident he was thrown from his pike to the pavement, landing on his back. A police officer witnessed the accident and immediately called for medical assistance. Emergency personnel arrived within minutes, and upon recognizing the seriousness of Jason's back injury, immobilized his neck and secured him to a rigid board prior to transporting him to the emergency room of the nearest hospital. When he arrived at the hospital, Jason was conscious and complained of pain in his lower back. Upon examination by the emergency room personnel, Jason was found to have numerous abrasions and contusions, and loss of both sensation and motor control of his legs. After he was stabilized, a complete neurological exam was performed to assess and localize Jason's injury. The neurological exam…