About the role of Ran-GAP and Ran-GEF for the unidirectional transportation of the cargo proteins molecules having a nuclear export signal (NES).
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- To explain: Where the protein disulfide isomerase (PDI) would be expected if ER retrieval signal is removed.Binding of PGI2 to its protein binding receptor leads toDescribe the role of pH in regulating the interaction between mannose 6-phosphate and the M6P receptor. Why does a rise in endosomal pH lead to the secretion of newly synthesized lysosomal enzymes into the extracellular medium?
- The protein fragments ABS1 and ABS2 of tropomodulin were produced as fusion proteins with chitin binding domain and purified by a chitin column. Explain the principles of this type of affinity chromatography and support it with a self‐drawn figure. This is with regards to Tropomodulin/ F-Actin complex.Members of the integrin family are the major cell surface receptors for many ECM proteins such as fibronectin. In experimental studies, single integrin heterodimers have been found to assume more than one structural conformation. Describe the relationship between integrin structures and their activities.Predict the location(s) (intracellular or extracelular) and a brief description of WHY based on your knowledge of the transport processes in the following constructs. Assume a start codon is present and include any proteolytic processing that would be likely. 1. A PTS1 C-term peroxisomal targeting seq added to C term of a normally secreted protein with usual N -terminal signal sequence 2. Adding of N-terminal mitochondrial targeting sequence to protein with internal nuclear localization seq. 3. Adding N-terminal signal sequence of secreted protein to N-terminus a mitochondria matrix protein precursor with mitochondrial targeting sequence still present
- GTP-binding proteins play critical roles in many signal transductions through G proteins. Describe two examples in which G proteins act and compare the role of the G proteins in each case.Continuous exposure of a G protein-coupled receptor to its ligand leads to a phenomenon known as desensitization. Describe several molecule mechanisms for receptor desensitizationWhat effect does binding of the IRF protein to the IRE in the mRNA encoding ferritin have on the production of ferritin? Briefly explain why this effect is observed.
- When you think about the primary structure of the mannose-6-P receptor, assuming that it is an integral membrane protein with one membrane-spanning domain and assuming that it has a ERSS, what are all of the different protein domains that must be present in this protein's primary structure to get it to where it needs to go and to carry out all of the functions/activities? (Draw a schematic of the protein structure/sequence and explain each region). What do you think would happen to a soluble protein that normally contains a KDEL tag (ER retrieval) if the tag was cleaved off (where would the protein end up)?Maintaining nuclear RanGTP levels is critical for nucleo-cytoplasmic transport. Describe how mutations that disrupt RanGEF function would affect the movement of proteins coming in and going out of the nucleus.Which describes an enzymatic activity/biochemical function of importin-beta? facilitate release of nuclear proteins after transport through the nuclear pore complex interact with/bind to nuclear localization sequences INLSS) interact with/bind to importin-alpha hydrolyze GTP to GDP + Pi