a. Briefly describe the pharmacokinetics of inhaled nicotine. Would you expect pharmacokinetics of nicotine delivered by vaping to be different than nicotine delivered by smoking tobacco cigarettes? b. How do you predict the long-term health effects of chronic vaping would compare to those of smoking?
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A:
2. The inhalation of aerosolized nicotine concentrate, also called vaping, has emerged as a
common method of nicotine use in recent years. Most scientific research to date has
investigated the impact of nicotine on human health in smokers of tobacco cigarettes, and the
long-term effects of vaping remain understudied.
a. Briefly describe the pharmacokinetics of inhaled nicotine. Would you expect
pharmacokinetics of nicotine delivered by vaping to be different than nicotine delivered
by smoking tobacco cigarettes?
b. How do you predict the long-term health effects of chronic vaping would compare to
those of smoking?
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- Which of the following is NOT true regarding nicotine? a. its psychoactive effects include improved attention, concentration, learning, and memory b. green tobacco sickness affects smokers who use tobacco products that haven’t been properly dried c. stress accelerates nicotine metabolism, driving smokers into nicotine withdrawal faster d. it might be the only addictive chemical in tobacco, but other chemicals in tobacco might operate as catecholamine agonists e. of the main pharmacologic treatments to aid smoking cessation, only Zyban (bupropion) does not lessen withdrawal symptoms through gentle activation of ACh receptorsa. Why is there an adverse interaction between monoamine oxidase inhibitors (MAOIs) often given for psychological disorders and an epi pen? b. Epi pens deliver a fast, large dose of epinephrine and are used by people suffering severe allergic reactions. As an AR agonist, epinephrine plays no role in allergic reactions, so why is it used?1. Which of the following drugs is not a cardioselective beta-blocker? *A. EsmololB. AtenololC. PropranololD. MetoprololE. Bisoprolol 2. It is the ability of a drug to initiate cellular effects.A. AgonistB. AntagonistC. EfficacyD. Intrinsic Activity 3. What type of antagonism is exemplified when the interaction of two (2) drugs whoseopposing actions in the body tend to cancel each other’s effect?A. Physiological antagonismB. Pharmacokinetic antagonismC. Chemical antagonismD. Non-competitive antagonismE. Pharmacological antagonism 4. Which enzyme breaks down the neurotransmitter of the parasympathetic nerve?A. Catechol-O-Methyl TransferaseB. AcetylcholinesteraseC. Monoamine OxidaseD. DecarboxylaseE. CYP isozymes 5. Which drug exhibits similar mechanism of action with Reserpine? *A. VesamicolB. PilocarpineC. Botulinum toxinD. EpinephrineE. Neostigmine 6. Which of the following drugs is not a muscarinic-receptor antagonist used tocounteract cholinergic transmission? *A. UrecholineB.…
- All of the following are side effects associated with thionamide use, except:A. Arterial hypertensionB. AgranulocytosisC. NauseaD. ArthralgiaE. Toxic hepatitisAZ B 3 C D 3... Refer to the given diagram of different variations of GPCRs to answer the following questions: 1. Identify the specific type of GPCR as per letters A, B, C, and D. 2. What are the typical endogenous ligands and common drugs that interact with these receptors?Several compounds are being developed as possible treatments for the cognitive defecits seen in schizophrenia by modulating the acetylcholine system. Schizophrenics display a high rate of smoking behaviors, describe how schizophrenics may be "self medicating" with nicotine and how an allosteric modulator may produce better results?
- Activity of thionamide is potentiated by all of the following, except:A. AnticoagulantsB. Beta blockersC. SulfasalazineD. ACE inhibitorsE. TheophyllineNicotine found in tobacco stimulates directly the production of dopamine. Hence, increases the flow of dopamine in the brain. Dopamine is a neurotransmitter involved in the control of movements, emotional behavior, and pleasure. Use the information and select the correct answers from the drop-down menus. 1)Nicotine works by....... blocking the reuptake of the neurotransmitter. imitating the neurotransmitter. increasing the secretion of the neurotransmitter. blocking the receptors of the neurotransmitter.If drug X has an ED50 of 10 and LD50 of 50. Drug Y has an ED50 of 10 and LD50 of 100. Which of the following statement is correct? A.Drug X is safer than drug Y B.Drug Y is safer than drug X. C.Drug X is more potent than drug Y D.Drug Y is more potent than drug X E.Drug X is less potent than drug Y
- 1. Read the paragraphs below. For each paragraph, write the letter of the diagram from the diagram sheet entitled Effects of Nicotine and NicoBlock that best illustrates the information. When someone smokes tobacco, nicotine is inhaled and travels through the bloodstream from the lungs to the brain. Nicotine then attaches to the nicotine receptors in the brain and triggers brain cells to release a neurotransmitter (chemical messenger) called dopamine. The release of dopamine in the brain results in a feeling of pleasure. The effect of nicotine only lasts for a short time. When someone quits smoking, there is no nicotine to trigger the release of dopamine needed for a feeling of pleasure. NicoBlock is designed to interfere with the brain mechanisms that cause smokers to crave nicotine and continue smoking. NicoBlock attaches to nicotine receptors and triggers the production of small amounts of dopamine, a neurotransmitter that leads to a pleasure sensation. Once NicoBlock attaches to…B-adrenergic antagonists like Atenolol are used to control all of the following EXCEPT... a. Heat intolerance Palpitations Tachycardia Anxiety Exophthalmos b. С. d. e.1.) Last week’s evaluate question asked why you feel dizzy when you stand up after sitting on a plane for 6 hours. This week, you have been prescribed a β-adrenergic receptor antagonist (β-blocker) and you are going on another 6 hour plane ride (you are a jetsetter!). When you stand up, you feel even more light-headed and dizzy and it takes you a long time to recover. How does the β-blocker contribute to these symptoms? In your answer, consider possible effects of the drug on heart myocardia, smooth muscle of systemic blood vessels, and the baroreceptor reflex. Your answer should be ~4-6 sentences.