(a) What is ionizing radiation? What is non-ionizing radiation? How do we define/specify it? How does ionizing radiation cause damage? (b) On average how much radiation one is exposed in a chest x-ray, head CT, and full body CT? For a child, in which conditions a head CT is recommended (pros and cons)? (c) When radiation therapy is used to kill cancerous cells in the body, it is important to measure the dose correctly to avoid unnecessary damage to normal cells in the body. In radiation therapy, a very large dose of radiation, about 5,000,000 millirem (or 5,000 rem) is delivered to the tumor site. What kind of radiation sources are used in radiation therapy? How does radiation kill cancer cells? What are some negative effects of radiation therapy?
(a) What is ionizing radiation? What is non-ionizing radiation? How do we define/specify it? How does ionizing radiation cause damage? (b) On average how much radiation one is exposed in a chest x-ray, head CT, and full body CT? For a child, in which conditions a head CT is recommended (pros and cons)? (c) When radiation therapy is used to kill cancerous cells in the body, it is important to measure the dose correctly to avoid unnecessary damage to normal cells in the body. In radiation therapy, a very large dose of radiation, about 5,000,000 millirem (or 5,000 rem) is delivered to the tumor site. What kind of radiation sources are used in radiation therapy? How does radiation kill cancer cells? What are some negative effects of radiation therapy?
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of the health effect of low levels of ionizing radiation on the human body. One rem carries with it a 0.05%
chance of eventually developing cancer. Doses greater than 100 rem received over a short time period are
likely to cause acute radiation syndrome, possibly leading to death within weeks if left untreated. A rem is
a large dose of radiation, so the millirem (mrem), which is one thousandth of a rem, is often used for the
dosages commonly encountered.
The röntgen equivalent man (or rem) is a CGS unit of effective dose, which is a measure
Average estimated days lost due to daily activities
Occupation
Days of Life Lost
Being an unmarried male
3,500
2,250
Smoking (1 pack/day)
Being an unmarried female
1,600
Being a coal miner
Being 25% overweight
Drinking alcohol (US average)
1,100
777
365
Being a construction worker
Driving a motor vehicle
All industry
Being exposed to 100 mrem/year of radiation for 70 years
Drinking cofee
227
207
60
10
6
(a) What is ionizing radiation? What is non-ionizing radiation? How do we define/specify it? How does
ionizing radiation cause damage?
(b) On average how much radiation one is exposed in a chest x-ray, head CT, and full body CT? For a
child, in which conditions a head CT is recommended (pros and cons)?
(c) When radiation therapy is used to kill cancerous cells in the body, it is important to measure the dose
correctly to avoid unnecessary damage to normal cells in the body. In radiation therapy, a very large dose
of radiation, about 5,000,000 millirem (or 5,000 rem) is delivered to the tumor site. What kind of
radiation sources are used in radiation therapy? How does radiation kill cancer cells? What are some
negative effects of radiation therapy?
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