A patient infected with Trypanosoma brucei spp. Experiences waves of fever for weeks following the initial infection. In terms of host-parasite interactions, explain what leads to this pathology. Thank you!
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A patient infected with Trypanosoma brucei spp. Experiences waves of fever for weeks following the initial infection. In terms of host-
Thank you!
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- What role do virulence factors play in the four phases of infection? Describe the infection stage and any virulence factors connected with it.How is salmonella typhi transmitted? Include ALL the mechanisms can be transmitted. indirect transmission (airborne, vehicles, vectors – what are the vehicles/vectors?) direct transmission (direct contact – how?) vertical transmission – how? horizontal transmission – how?Which of the following is NOT true about human plague (Yersinia pestis infection)? Which option is the answer? 1. None of the other four answers (All are true about human plague) 2. Infected fleas’ gastrointestinal tract is blocked by Y. pestis growth, causing them to regurgitate and infect a new host when they bite 3. Painful swollen lymph nodes are called “buboes” 4. Usually acquired in the US from bites of fleas that have fed on infected urban rats 5. Yersinia pestis infection of lymph nodes can sometimes spread to the lungs, causing secondary pneumonic plague
- Which of the following is NOT true of bacterial exotoxins? 1. Important in the pathogenesis of many human diseases 2. Their toxic effect can be systemic, affecting cells distant from the primary site of infection 3. None of the other four answers (All are true of bacterial exotoxins) 4. Different exotoxins may affect different types of cells (e.g., nerves, gastrointestinal mucosa) 5. Some exotoxins have two components, A (active) and B (binding)The parents of a 3-day-old male neonate are concerned by their child's condition. The child is irritable, has fever and blisters over most of his body, and peeling skin as seen in the attached image. Which of the following virulence factors produced by the most likely causal agent is responsible for this condition? Answers A - E A Alpha-Toxin B Beta hemolysin C Exfoliative toxin D Pyrogenic exotoxin E Toxic shock syndrome toxin O Question #6 attachment O .0Which of the following is NOT true of bacterial endotoxin? 1. None of the other four answers (All are true of bacterial endotoxin) 2. Can cause life-threatening drop in blood pressure (shock) 3. Composed of proteins produced by bacteria and released into surrounding environment 4. Composed of lipid A, a component of the gram-negative bacterial outer membrane 5. Stimulates macrophages to produce a substance (TNF) that damages capillaries
- Discuss the following virulence factors: collagenase, hemolysin, siderophore. For each, explain the molecules involved, the pathogen-host interaction, and name a species and disease associated with each factor.Match Column A to different components of the chain of infection. [NOTE: select all that applies] COLUMN A A. Pathogen B. Reservoir C. Portal of Entry D. Portal of Exit E. Mode of Transmission F. Susceptible Host SARS-CoV-2 Oncologic patient Vaginal canal Anus Mouth H1N1 Plasmodium falciparum Musca domestica Droplet nuclei Fecal-oral-route Bats Humans PLHIV Salmonella typhi Meatus Ebola virus Anopheles mosquito Vibrio choleraeDengue remains endemic in Malaysia since its outbreak in 1980, with its highest concentration of cases in the state of Selangor. One way to control an outbreak is by reducing the number of cases through preventive activities. Discuss preventive and control measures for dengue fever.
- Sleeping sickness (African trypanosomiasis) Mode of Transmission: Hallmark of Infection: Drug of Choice: American trypanosomiasis (Chagas disease) Mode of Transmission: Hallmark of Infection: Drug of Choice:Describe each of the following infections using correct technicalterminology. (Descriptions may fit more than one category.) Useterms such as primary, secondary, nosocomial, STD, mixed, latent,toxemia, chronic, zoonotic, asymptomatic, local, systemic, -itis, -emia.Caused by needlestick in dental officePneumocystis pneumonia in AIDS patientBubonic plague from rat flea biteDiphtheriaUndiagnosed chlamydiosisAcute necrotizing gingivitisSyphilis of long durationLarge numbers of gram-negative rods in the bloodA boil on the back of the neckAn inflammation of the meningesExplain the means by which cats, rodents, birds, domestic animals,and people are infected with Toxoplasma gondii.