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- Refer to laserjeans.xlsx to answer the questions below. These real data come from Ondogan, Z., Pamuk, O., Ondogan, E. N., & Ozguney, A. (2005). Improving the appearance of all textile products from clothing to home textile using laser technology. Optics and Laser Technology, 37, 631-637. Researchers sought to test the differences in tensile strength of jeans designed by hand versus those designed with lasers. 1. What type of measurement scale do each of the five variables use? 2. Create histograms for those that are continuous (interval or ratio). How would you describe the shape of these distributions? 3. A textile researcher wants to simplify the strength data by turning this continuous variable into an ordinal variable with 10 equal interval widths. Given that the lowest force resulting in a rip was 860 N, and the greatest force resulting in a rip was 1,450 N, what should the interval widths (also called bins or breaks) be? Fill in the second column of the…5.Data were collected from 175 pharmaceutical companies. Monthly profit (in 10 M$) was regressed on production cost, number of workers, and the location of the company (0: rural, 1: urban). The analysis results are given below. Regress profit location cost workers Source | SS df MS Number of obs = 175 F( 3, 171) 323 Model | 14142.4781 Residual | 2495.7314 11 3 4714.15937 Prob > F 0.0000 R-squared Adj R-squared 14.5949206 0.8503 0.8489 Total | 16638.2095 174 95.6218937 Root MSE 3.3422 Profit| Сof. Std. Err. P>|t| [95% Conf. Interval] Location | -2.326 Cost | -2.753 Workers .07714 _cons 52.701 .7901811 -4.78 0.000 -1.7033 -3.084 .6977087 6.42 0.000 -1.7549 -4.1916 .0086406 3.78 0.000 .04476 .110660 2.923818 15.43 0.000 48.6362 56.7942 Write a short report based on the above results.“Passive and Active Smoke” in Appendix B includes cotinine levels measured in a group of nonsmokers exposed to tobacco smoke (n = 40, Mean = 60.58 ng>mL, s = 138.08 ng>mL) and a group of nonsmokers not exposed to tobacco smoke (n = 40, Mean = 16.35 ng>mL, s = 62.53 ng>mL). Cotinine is a metabolite of nicotine, meaning that when nicotine is absorbed by the body, cotinine is produced. Use a 0.05 significance level to test the claim that nonsmokers exposed to tobacco smoke have a higher mean cotinine level than nonsmokers not exposed to tobacco smoke. Based on your hypothesis tests and confidence intervals, what do you conclude about the effects of second hand smoke? Why?
- A drug manufacturer forms tablets by compressing a granular material that contains the active ingredient and various fillers. The hardness of a sample from each batch of tablets produced is measured to control the compression process. The target value for 11.5. The hardness data for a random sample of 20 tablets from one large batch are given. the hardness is Н 11.627 11.374 11.383 11.477 = 11.613 11.592 11.715 11.570 A hypothesis test of Ho: μ = 11.2 Ha: μ # 11.2 11.493 11.458 11.485 11.623 11.602 11.552 11.509 11.472 11.360 11.463 11.429 11.531 where μ = the true mean hardness of the tablets using a = 0.05 has a P-value of 0.4494. Because the P-value of 0.4494 > a = = 0.05, we fail to reject Ho. We do not have convincing evidence that the true mean hardness of these tablets is different from 11.5. A 95% confidence interval for the true mean hardness measurement for this type of pill is (11.472, 11.561). Which is the following statements is not true with regards to the 95% confidence…A quality control supervisor has taken a sample of 16 bolts from the output of a thread-cutting machine and tested their tensile strengths. The results in tons of force required for brekage, are as follows: 2.20 1.95 2.15 2.08 1.85 1.92 2.23 2.19 1.98 2.07 2.24 2.31 1.96 2.30 2.27 1.89 (a) Determine the mean, median, range and midrange. (b) Calculate the mean absolute deviation (c) Calculate the standard deviation and variance. (d) Calculate the coefficient of skewness. (e) what is the i. 75th percentile ii. 68th percentile and 6th decile.Tensile strength tests were carried out on two different grades of wire rod, resulting in the accompanying data. Sample Mean (kg/mm²) Grade AISI 1064 AISI 1078 Sample Size m = 128 n = 128 Ho: M1064 M1078 = -10 Ha: M1064-H1078 ≤ -10 (a) Does the data provide compelling evidence for concluding that true average strength for the 1078 grade exceeds that for the 1064 grade by more than 10 kg/mm²? Test the appropriate hypotheses using a significance level of 0.01. State the relevant hypotheses. O Ho: M1064 M1078 = -10 Ha: M10641078 # -10 Ho: M1064 M1078 = -10 Ha: M1064-H1078 ² -10 Ho: M10641078 = -10 Ha: M10641078 > -10 Sample SD Ho: M1064- 1078 = -10 Ha: M10641078 < -10 x = 104.7 S₁ = 1.1 y = 124.1 S₂ = 2.2 Calculate the test statistic and P-value. (Round your test statistic to two decimal places and your P-value to four decimal places.) z = P-value = State the conclusion in the problem context. O Reject Ho. The data does not suggest that the true average strength for the 1078 grade exceeds…
- “Passive and Active Smoke” in Appendix B includes cotinine levels measured in a group of nonsmokers exposed to tobacco smoke (n = 40, Mean = 60.58 ng>mL, s = 138.08 ng>mL) and a group of nonsmokers not exposed to tobacco smoke (n = 40, Mean = 16.35 ng>mL, s = 62.53 ng>mL). Cotinine is a metabolite of nicotine, meaning that when nicotine is absorbed by the body, cotinine is produced. Use a 0.05 significance level to test the claim that nonsmokers exposed to tobacco smoke have a higher mean cotinine level than nonsmokers not exposed to tobacco smoke. 1. Construct a confidence interval estimate of the difference betwen the mean continen levels fo the two groups of nonsmokers. What confidence level would be appropriate? 2. Find the margin of error E using the formula. 3. What is the confidence interval? Explain the meaning of the confidence interal and what the limit represents.Use the Dunnett’s test to make comparisons among the three lubricating oilsto determine specifically which oils differ in brake-specific fuel consumptionat a 0.05 level of significance. Let lubrication oil 1 is the control.The removal of ammoniacal nitrogen is an important aspect of treatment of leachate at landfill sites. The rate of removal (in percent per day) is recorded for several days for each of several treatment methods. The results are presented in the following table. (Based on the article "Removal of Ammoniacal Nitrogen from Landfill Leachate by Irrigation onto Vegetated Treatment Planes," S. Tyrrel, P. Leeds-Harrison, and K. Harrison, Water Research, 2002:291–299.) Treatment Rate of Removal 5.21 4.65 5.59 2.69 7.57 5.16 6.24 5.94 6.41 6.85 9.18 4.94 4.04 3.29 4.52 3.75 Construct an ANOVA table. You may give a range for the P-value. Can you conclude that the treatment methods differ in their rates of removal? a. b. ABCAE
- 54. Grip is applied to produce normal surface forces that compress the object being gripped. Examples include two people shaking hands, or a nurse squeezing a patient's forearm to stop bleeding. The article "Investigation of Grip Force, Normal Force, Contact Area, Hand Size, and Handle Size for Cylindrical Handles" (Human Factors, 2008: 734-744) included the following data on grip strength (N) for a sample of 42 individuals: 16 18 18 26 33 41 54 56 66 68 87 91 95 98 106 109 111 118 127 127 135 145 147 149 151 168 172 183 189 190 200 210 220 229 230 233 238 244 259 294 329 403 a. Construct a stem-and-leaf display based on repeat- ing each stem value twice, and comment on inter- esting features. b. Determine the values of the fourths and the fourthspread. c. Construct a boxplot based on the five-number sum- mary, and comment on its features. 5Captopril is a drug designed to lower systolic blood pressure. When subjects were treated with this drug, their systolic blood pressure readings (in mm Hg) were measured before and after the drug was taken. Results are given in the accompanying table (based on data from “Essential Hypertension: Effect of an Oral Inhibitor of Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme”, by MacGregor et al., BMJ, Vol. 2). Using a 0.01 significance level, is there sufficient evidence to support the claim that captopril has an effect on systolic blood pressure? i) Use the Wilcoxon signed-ranks test to conduct the required test without using "wilcox.test" function in R. Please state the hypothesis, provide the p-value, and the conclusion in the context of the problem. ii) Use the Wilcoxon signed-ranks test to conduct the required test using "wilcox.test" function in R. Please present a screenshot of the R output of your call to the function wilcox.test. iii) Would you recommend the Wilcoxon signed-ranks test over the…A certain polymer is used for evacuation systems for aircraft. It is important that the polymer be resistant to the aging process. Twenty specimens of the polymer were used in an experiment. Ten were assigned randomly to be exposed to the accelerated batch aging process that involved exposure to high temperatures for 10 days. Measurements of tensile strength of the specimens were made and the following data were recorded on tensile strength in psi. No aging: 227, 222, 218, 217, 225, 218, 216, 229, 228, 221 Aging: 219, 214, 215, 211, 209, 218, 203, 204, 201, 205 Calculate the sample standard deviation strength of Aging group and no aging group