A cohort study is conducted to assess the association between hypertension and the risk of stroke. The study involves n=1,250 participants who are free of stroke at the study start. Each participant is assessed at study start (baseline) and every year thereafter for five years. The following table displays data on hypertension status measured at baseline and hypertension status measured two years later. 2 Years: Not Hypertensive 2 Years: Hypertensive Baseline: Not Hypertensive 850 148 Baseline: Hypertensive 45 207 Compute the cumulative incidence of hypertension over 2 years.
Continuous Probability Distributions
Probability distributions are of two types, which are continuous probability distributions and discrete probability distributions. A continuous probability distribution contains an infinite number of values. For example, if time is infinite: you could count from 0 to a trillion seconds, billion seconds, so on indefinitely. A discrete probability distribution consists of only a countable set of possible values.
Normal Distribution
Suppose we had to design a bathroom weighing scale, how would we decide what should be the range of the weighing machine? Would we take the highest recorded human weight in history and use that as the upper limit for our weighing scale? This may not be a great idea as the sensitivity of the scale would get reduced if the range is too large. At the same time, if we keep the upper limit too low, it may not be usable for a large percentage of the population!
A cohort study is conducted to assess the association between hypertension and the risk of stroke. The study involves n=1,250 participants who are free of stroke at the study start. Each participant is assessed at study start (baseline) and every year thereafter for five years.
The following table displays data on hypertension status measured at baseline and hypertension status measured two years later.
|
|
2 Years: Not Hypertensive |
2 Years: Hypertensive |
|
Baseline: Not Hypertensive |
850 |
148 |
|
Baseline: Hypertensive |
45 |
207 |
Compute the cumulative incidence of hypertension over 2 years.
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