A chemostat of working volume 1000 mL is used to obtain steady-state data for metabolic flux analysis. Lactobacillus rhamnosus is cultured at pH 6.0 using sterile substrate medium containing 10 gL1 of glucose. Lactic acid production is coupled with energy metabolism in this organism. Table 1 show the profile data of the fermentation at different glucose concentrations of different flow rate.
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CHE505 REACTION ENGINEERING II
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- Anaerobic production of ethanol by Saccharomyces cerevisiae is associated with yeast growth. The steady-state growth kinetics of yeast follows Monod. It is intended to produce 10 kg/h of ethanol in an ideal CSRT-type fermenter, fed by a solution of 50 g/L of glucose. Size the fermenter for this purpose (calculate its working volume), setting the biomass concentration at the exit of the fermenter at 6.9 g/L.Note: CSTR = Continuous Stirred Tank ReactorData: μmax = 0.1 h-1; Ks = 0.5 g/L; YX/S = 0.15; YP/S = 0.45.(answer: V = 5435 L)Anaerobic production of ethanol by Saccharomyces cerevisiae is associated with yeast growth. The steady-state growth kinetics of yeast follows Monod. It is intended to produce 10 kg/h of ethanol in an ideal CSRT-type fermenter, fed by a solution of 50 g/L of glucose. Size the fermenter for this purpose (calculate its working volume), setting the biomass concentration at the exit of the fermenter at 6.9 g/L.roblem 1An aerobic biochemical process uses a CSTR w/o recycle. The feed characteristics are asfollows: Influent substrate concentration, So = 200 mg/L; half- velocity coefficient, Ks = 50mg/L; maximum, specific substrate utilization rate, k = 5 g/g- day; yield coefficient, Y = 0.5g Xa/g substrate consumed; microorganism decay coefficient, b = 0.10 day-1.1. The process goal is the production of active biomass. Determine the hydraulicretention time that the reactor should be operated in order to maximize the reactoractive biomass concentration (Xa). How does this retention time compare with theminimum solids retention time that the system can theoretically be operated?Calculate the solids retention time safety factor.2. Based on the solids retention time for maximum Xa calculated above, estimate theactive biomass concentration (Xa) and the substrate removal efficiency (E, %)
- Beer production requires an early period of rapid aerobic metabolismof glucose by yeast. Given that anaerobic conditions are necessary toproduce alcohol, can you explain why this step is necessary?Based on your residing of this chapter, what would you expect to be the most immediate effect oil glycolysis, if the steady-state concentration of gJucose-6-P were 8.3 mM instead of 0.083 mM?Enzyme kinteics of amylase using l2 in KI was used to determine starch conc at t = 0 min and t = 1 min. Tubes were set absorbance measured after 1 minute of incubation. The reaction was halted with HCl and 5 mL of I, in KI indicator was added. 1 ml of each was used as sample in the spectrophotometer. Using this table, Concentration of Volume of Volume of Volume of l2 Test tube stock starch, in KI solution, Absorbance starch solution, mL water, mL distilled mg/mL mL 1 10 5 0.0009 2 10 0.4 4.6 0.3306 3 10 0.8 4.2 0.5891 4 10 |1.2 3.8 0.8409 5 10 1.6 3.4 1.0885 6. 10 2.0 3.0 1.2572 What is the standard curve for the conc. of the starch?
- With a ∆G°´ of -16.7 kJ/mol, the reaction catalyzed by hexokinase is considered to be _____. at equilibrium substrate and product concentration dependent freely reversible metabolically irreversible none of the aboveEnzyme kinteics of amylase using l2 in Kl was used to determine starch conc at t = 0 min and t = 1 min. Tubes were set absorbance measured after 1 minute of incubation. The reaction was halted with HCl and 5 mL of I, in KI indicator was added. 1 ml of each was used as sample in the spectrophotometer. Using this table, Concentration of Volume of Volume of Volume of l2 Test tube stock starch, starch distilled in KI solution, Absorbance mg/mL solution, mL water, mL mL 1 10 0.0009 2 10 0.4 4.6 5 0.3306 3 10 0.8 4.2 0.5891 10 |1.2 3.8 0.8409 10 |1.6 3.4 1.0885 10 2.0 3.0 1.2572 What is the standard curve for the conc. of the starch?An enzymatic reaction follows M-M kinetics with Vmax= 2.5 mol m-3s-1and Km = 5 mM.Calculate the time required for 50% conversion of the substrate in a batch reactor if theinitial substrate concentration is0.2 M.Show your calculation steps.
- calculate the reaction velocity at saturating substrate concentrations. Your numerical answer is assumed to be in units of M sec-1. [S] = 100 mM k1 = 10 sec-1 k2 = 3000 sec-1 k-1 = 20 sec-1 [E]T = 1 \muμMCalculate the Vmax of the above enzyme (lactase). (the enzyme lactase has a Vo of 0.111111111111 mM per minute when [S] = 1.0 mM, and a Vo of 0.20 mM per minute when [S] = 5.0 mM) 0.125 mM per minute 0.25 mM per minute 0.50 mM per minute 1.25 mM per minute 5.0 mM per minuteTest Tube # Enzyme 1 (uL added) Product Formation (umol) 1 0 0 2 25 0.08 3 50 0.15 4 75 0.22 5 100 0.3 6 125 0.37 7 150 0.45 8 175 0.53 9 200 0.59 10 225 0.68 11 250 0.74 A. Make a graph is Excel/Google Sheets plotting Product formation (umol) on the y-axis and Enzyme volume added on the x-axis. Paste the graph below. Make sure to have axis labels and a title on the graph. B. What can you conclude from this graph, ie how is the amount of product formed changing as a function of the amount of enzyme present?