05 8. All of the following conditions would have same effect on muscles (flaccidparalysis) as muscular dysgeny with a single exception. What is the exception?A. Exposure to botulinum toxin, which blocks release of ACh at the NMJ.B. Poisoning with atropine, an antagonist of muscarinic receptorsC. Poisoning with curare, an antagonist of nicotinic receptorsD. Myasthenia gravis, an autoimmune disease in which the nicotinicreceptors areattacked by the immune system and cannotfunction normally.

We know that Muscle is a specialized tissue derived from mesodermal origin. It contributes about 50…

Answered: 8. All of the following conditions…

Basic Clinical Lab Competencies for Respiratory Care: An Integrated Approach

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Chapter14: Introduction To Respiratory Care Pharmacology

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8. All of the following conditions would have same effect on muscles (flaccid paralysis) as muscular dysgeny with a single exception. What is the exception? A. Exposure to botulinum toxin, which blocks release of ACh at the NMJ. B. Poisoning with atropine, an antagonist of muscarinic receptors C. Poisoning with curare, an antagonist of nicotinic receptors D. Myasthenia gravis, an autoimmune disease in which the nicotinic attacked by the immune system and cannot receptors are function normally.
1. What are an afferent neuron and efferent neuron? What are efferent components of the facial nerve and their actions? 2. Under certain circumstances, axons in the peripheral nervous system can regenerate after sustaining damage. Why is axonal regeneration in the central nervous system much less likely? 3. At a healthy myoneural junction, acetylcholine is responsible for stimulating muscle activity. What mechanisms are in place to prevent the continuous stimulation of a muscle fiber after the neurotransmitter is released from the presynaptic membrane?
3. Your good friend, Audrey, was just prescribed a new medication by her doctor that blocks the normal binding of Ca2+ to Calmodulin. What side effects would you worn Audrey to be aware of based on the role of Calmodulin in muscle contractions? (Can choose more than one answer/ boxed choices) a. Digestive issues from the smooth muscles of the digestive tract not contracting rhythmically. b. Abnormal heart rate from the affects on cardiac muscle. c. Headaches from poor control of the constriction of blood vessels. d. Aches and pains in skeletal muscles.
28. The hypothesized causes of ALS or Lou Gehrig’s disease is linked to a. glutamate excitotoxicity b. attack by glial cells c. progressive destruction of upper and lower motor neurons d. a and b e. a, b, and c
22. Post-synaptic receptors located on the membrane of skeletal muscle cells allow the muscle cells/fibers to respond to the neural-stimulus. What is the name of the receptors located on the post-synaptic membrane of the muscle cells (you can't find the answer in the textbook; you have to do some research)? A. beta receptors B. alpha receptors C. muscarinic receptors D. nicotinic receptors
20. Which of the following neurotransmitters have both an excitatory and inhibitory effect? a. GABA b. Glutamate c. Acetylcholine d. a and c e. b and c
1. Why is atropine used minimally in the management of diseases? 2. Why are direct acting cholinomimetics NOT used in the management of myasthenia gravis?
21. Which of the following neurotransmitters have an inhibitory effect? a. GABA b. Glutamate c. Acetylcholine d. a and b e. a and c
n 5. In experiment on a frog the conducting ways transsection between the brain and the thoracal part of the spinal cord was carried out. The irritation of skin receptors of back extrimity by 1% solution of sulfuric acid will lead to withdrawal reflex of back extremity thanks to: A. The integrated nervous centre The local nervous centre B. C. Increase in the force of irritation D. Increase in duration of irritation E. Everything that is above named
20. The presence of cholinesterase in the human nervous system allows a. One way impulse transmission b. More rapid impulse conduction c. Arecovery period by destroying acetylcholine d. Acetylcholine to continue stimulating dendrites 21. The threshold of a neuron refers to a. The polarity of 0.07 mV b. The minimum stimulus required to achieve depolarization c. The stimulus needed to achieve equal concentrations of sodium ions and potassium ions within the neuron d. The stimulus needed to achieve sodium ion equilibrium between the cytoplasm and extracellular fluid (ECF)
1. The origin site in the nerve for the conduction of nerve impulses is the: a. dendritic zone b. axon hillock c. node of Ranvier d. terminal buttons 2. An action potential is a short distance signal, mylenation b. is a long distance signal, mylenation c. has decremental current flow, refractory period d. has decremental current flow, mylenation e. is a long distance signal, the refractory period and its unidirectional movement is ensured by а. 3. In the CNS, the membranes that wrap around myelinated neurons are those of: a. Schwann cells b. Oligodendrocyte c. endothelial cells d. astrocytes e. Satellite Cells
Which of the following would result in higher force production at lower action potential frequencies W. increase SERCA activity X. increase DHPR sensitivity Y. increase acetylcholineesterase activity Z. increase Ca2+ release

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