7. Draw a diagram of the heme complexes in deoxyhemoglobin and oxyhemoglobin (complete porphyrin structures are not required, but show all iron coordination positions).
Q: Why does a folded mutant protein aggregate rather than remain a misfolded monomer?
A: Proteins are essential molecules in biological systems, and their proper folding is crucial for…
Q: Discussing the Data - Class Average vs Group 9. Use the % change my group for the unknown a. Square…
A: The following worksheet contains so many questions and many of them are solved. Those unsolved are…
Q: Hydrogen bonds are noncovalent interactions between a hydrogen atom with a partial positive charge,…
A: Every hydrogen bond is composed of a hydrogen bond donor and a hydrogen bond acceptor.The hydrogen…
Q: +40mV -70mV 2 3₂ OmV 4 ich concet Resting Potential 2 froar points to the dupy Time…
A: Electrical signals are how neurons communicate. Electrical signals are generated when there is a…
Q: Do you predict that this salt bridge will become stronger, become weaker, or be unaffected as pH…
A: Salt bridges are attractive interactions between two oppositely charged groups. So, more oppositely…
Q: 7. How many liters of a mouthwash can be prepared from 100 mL of cinnamon flavor if its…
A: To prepare a mouthwash with a concentration of 0.5% (v/v) cinnamon flavor, you need to calculate how…
Q: Draw the structure of the products formed when Arabinose shown above undergoes the following…
A: Chemically a carbohydrate is polyhydroxy aldehyde or ketone. Based on the size, carbohydrate can be…
Q: For an enzyme obeying the Michaelis-Menten equation with Km = 5 µM, kcat = 10 s-l and a total enzyme…
A: Since you have posted multiple questions, we will provide the solution only to the specified sub…
Q: The results of a separation using two-dimension gel electrophoresis are shown here. Which protein or…
A: Two-dimensional gel electrophoresis is a technique used in proteomics studies.This technique is…
Q: Label the key components of a matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight, or…
A: Matrix assisted laser desorption ionization-time of flight mass spectrometry (MALD1-TOF) is a…
Q: can you tell what the pKas are from this unknown amino acid based on buffering regions and narrow…
A: pH = If [H+] concentration in a solution is high, the pH will be low and the solution is acidic. If…
Q: 1.DNA helicase 2.SSBP 3.DNA ligase 4.Primase 5.DNA Polymerase III A. Synthesizes RNA primer B.…
A: Deoxyribonucleic Acid (DNA), is a complex organic molecule is the hereditary material that carries…
Q: The active form of insulin contains No disulfide bonds Intra-chain disulfide bonds Inter-chain…
A: Insulin is a peptide hormone secreted by beta cells of pancreatic islets of Langerhans that…
Q: Standard reduction potentials for zinc (II) and copper(II) The standard reduction potential for a…
A: The given question relates to E0cell E0cell = E0cathode - E0anodeE0 indicates standard reduction…
Q: Identify weak noncovalent interactions of biomolecules in aqueous systems including hydrogen…
A: Understanding the complex weak noncovalent interactions of biomolecules in aqueous systems is…
Q: Briefly explain partition coefficients. How is this concept applied in biotechnology?
A: The partition coefficient is defined as the concentration of the solute in the hydrophobic phase…
Q: 2. Consider the peptide Trp-Arg-Glu-Cys-Gly-Tyr. For the drawings requested below, please show in…
A: Recall that:Amino acid sequences are written with N-terminal amino acid on the left and C-terminal…
Q: Determine whether each of the examples or phrases describes an essential amino acid, a nonessential…
A: Amino acids are biomolecules that have an amino group and a carboxyl group linked to the same carbon…
Q: What would spread (fragmented) bands in the electrophoresis gel tell you about the quality of your…
A: Gel electrophoresis is a technique used to separate DNA fragments according to their size. The DNA…
Q: 1. In a catabolic pathway, metabolite X gets converted into metabolite Y, metabolite X metabolite…
A: is the standard change in Gibbs free energy i.e. the change in Gibbs free energy under standard…
Q: Draw an oxygen binding curve of Hb at a pH of 7.4 and another curve where all 2,3 BPG has been…
A: Hemoglobin is a heterotetrameric oxygen transport protein that is found in red blood cells or…
Q: What pairs of sugars represents constitutional isomers, stereoisomers, epimers, enantionmers,…
A: Carbohydrates are polyhydroxy aldehydes or ketones. Monosaccharides are simplest carbohydrates:…
Q: Which of the following statements is not true about triacylglycerols? When hydrolyzed, they produce…
A: Triacylglycerols, often referred to as triglycerides, are a class of lipids that serve as a primary…
Q: Suppose Gina climbs a high mountain where the oxygen partial pressure in the air decreases to 70…
A: Consider the following reaction: where P is the protein, L is the ligand, PL is the protein-ligand…
Q: At what pH does peptide the His-Arg have a net charge of +1.7?
A: Recall that:Amino acid sequences are written with N-terminal amino acid on the left and C-terminal…
Q: label the answer
A: Functional group is a substituent or moiety in a molecule which provides specific characteristics to…
Q: Which of the reactions are spontaneous (favorable)? L-malate + NAD+ oxaloacetate + NADH + H+ AG =…
A: Gibbs free energy change (ΔG) is a thermodynamic quantity that represents the maximum reversible…
Q: Gamma turns are divided into two classes based on the phi and psi rotational bond angles of the…
A: An illustration of the permitted and forbidden areas of the phi and psi dihedral angles in the…
Q: Below is a U-tube experiment with a membrane that is selectively permeable to water, but does not…
A: Here we are using a U-tube. The height of water column in both tubes are the same, so the force…
Q: The disease cystic fibrosis is the result of a mutation in the gene that encodes the cystic fibrosis…
A: A codon is a DNA or RNA trinucleotide sequence encoding a particular amino acid or signaling the…
Q: Which of the above curves corresponds to myoglobin in a solution containing physiological…
A: The given curve is an oxygen dissociation curve. The curve depicts the relationship between the…
Q: List down 5 chemical properties of water that makes it an indispensable compound for life. Select…
A: Water is the solvent of terran life. The body of all lifeforms on earth is predominantly water,…
Q: Beta sheets shown in the figure below are: "" Parallel Not enough information One strand is parallel…
A: Here it is clearly mentioned that what its helical secondary structure.
Q: - Multiple choice Allopurinol is an inhibitor of xanthine oxidase. Administration of allopurinol to…
A: Xanthine oxidase is inhibited by allopurinol. This enzyme is involved in the conversion of xanthine…
Q: Depicted above are the Ramachandran plots for Glycine and Alanine. Why do acceptable values for…
A: Peptide conformations are restricted by the dihedral angles phi and psi. The peptide bond has a…
Q: 0 0 One strand is parallel and another is anti-parallel Parallel R Not enough information…
A: Beta sheet structure is a type of secondary structure of a protein. It has a more extended…
Q: 3. A scientist wishes to find the sequence of a certain protein. Treatment with FDNB releases…
A: In the quest to determine the amino acid sequence of a certain protein, a series of enzymatic…
Q: What changes do you think take place as the color changes upon the addition of phenol, pyrogallol or…
A: Polyphenol oxidase is an enzyme. Plants contain it, which catalyzes the conversion of phenols to…
Q: Determine how many domains and list the residues in each domains (ei. 1-230, 1-120) Vertebrate Ca…
A: The following table explains the answer.Protein-4 VCA( vertebrate Ca 2+ dependent cell adhesion…
Q: Oxaloacetate + ADP + Pi + H+ ---> Pyruvate + ATP + HCO3* kJ/mol kJ/mol kJ/mol kJ/mol Lactate + NAD+…
A: In a general reaction such as:aA + bB ⇌ cC + dDAt equilibrium (steady state), the concentration of…
Q: What are the key considerations in designing child-resistant packaging for pharmaceuticals and…
A: Child-resistant packaging is made to be inaccessible to kids while still being usable by adults.…
Q: Thr-Lys-Pro-Ile-Val-Ala-Pro-Met-Glu-Tyr-Gly-Lys Write the sequence using one-letter abbreviations.…
A: Amino acid sequences are written with N-terminal amino acid on the left and C-terminal amino acid on…
Q: An Fab fragment binds to lysozyme with a dissociation constant of K4 = 10 M. A 1 nM (10 M) solution…
A: Consider the following reaction: where P is the protein, L is the ligand and k1 and k2 are rate…
Q: Consider the O2 binding curve shown below for hemoglobin under normal physiological conditions. In…
A: Oxygen dissociation curve is the graphical representation of effect of partial pressure of oxygen on…
Q: 1. The peptide below was isolated from fermented milk and shown to have antioxidant properties…
A: Since you have posted a question with multiple sub parts, we will provide the solution only to the…
Q: Estimate the apparent slope of the plot for myoglobin. myoglobin apparent slope = Estimate the…
A: The Hill plot is the graph we obtain by plotting at X-axis and at Y-axis. By looking at the value…
Q: Consider the second titration. PH 14.0 12.0 10.0 8.0 10 11 7 4 1 9 6.0 4.0 2.0 0.0 0.5 1.0 1.5 2.0…
A: Titration is used for determining the amount of acid in a solution. Sodium hydroxide is added to a…
Q: What is it about alpha helices and beta sheets that would make the coils less flexible?
A: The structure of proteins is a fascinating realm of biology and chemistry. Within the hierarchy of…
Q: If a pure solution of sphingomyelin was placed in water, would the sphingomyelin molecules interact…
A: The four classes of biological macromolecules are proteins, nucleic acid, carbohydrates and…
Q: Ice floats because of the electronegativity of oxygen that withdraws electron density from the…
A: 70% of a living cell is made up of water. A water molecule is made up of two hydrogen atoms…
Step by step
Solved in 3 steps with 1 images
- 1. The diagram on the right compares the O₂ binding prop- erties of normal adult hemoglobin (HbA) to those of one dubbed Hb Great-Lakes characterized by the mutation Leu(368) His. In the dia- gram Y = fraction of heme groups with bound O₂, and pO2, the par- tial pressure of O2 above the solution, is measured in units of torr or mmHg. Draw the corresponding Hill plot, being careful to reproduce graph- ically the dissociation equilibrium constant for O₂ binding (Ko2) for y each hemoglobin and to show the difference in the extent of allo- stery or cooperativity of subunit interaction in each type of hemo- globin. You need draw only the central, linear portion of the Hill plot. State what is the likely magnitude of the Hill constant (nH) for HbA from your reading and state what is the likely range of the magni- tude of the Hill coefficient for Hb Great Lakes. 1.0 0.8 0.6 0.4 0.2 Hb Great Lakes 0 10 20 Hb A 1 1 30 40 pO₂ (torr) I 50 601. The diagram on the right compares the O2 binding prop- 1.0 r erties of normal adult hemoglobin (HbA) to those of one dubbed Hb Great-Lakes characterized by the mutation Leu(B68)His. In the dia- gram Y= fraction of heme groups with bound O2, and pO2, the par- tial pressure of O2 above the solution, is measured in units of torr or mmHg. Hb Great Lakes 0.8 Hb A 0.6 Draw the corresponding Hill plot, being careful to reproduce graph- ically the dissociation equilibrium constant for O2 binding (Ko2) for Y each hemoglobin and to show the difference in the extent of allo- stery or cooperativity of subunit interaction in each type of hemo- globin. 0.4 You need draw only the central, linear portion of the Hill plot. 0.2 State what is the likely magnitude of the Hill constant (nH) for HbA from your reading and state what is the likely range of the magni- tude of the Hill coefficient for Hb Great Lakes. 0 10 20 30 40 50 60 pO2 (torr)Which of the following are true of normal adult hemoglobin? Choice 1 of 4:can bind four Fe2+ ions Choice 2 of 4:can covalently bind four O2 molecules Choice 3 of 4:can adopt 2 different conformations, with different orientations of αβ dimers Choice 4 of 4:can bind four BPG molecules to stabilize the T state
- 2.HbF is the predominant hemoglobin of embrions.It has two γ-and two α-subunits(α2γ2).HbF does not bind 2,3-BPG well.What is the affinity of oxygen binding for HbF in compare with HbA?For answer: 1）Explain the function of HbA and the role of 2,3-BPG in the regulation of O2 binding. 2）Draw the oxygen-binding curves of HbA and HbF. 3）Mark the Biology significance of the difference in O2 affinity for HbA and HbF.28. What is the function of the proximal histidine in hemoglobin? MARK ALL THAT APPLY. Group of answer choices Prevents the oxidation of the iron in the heme prosthetic group Converts oxygen into carbon dioxide. Coordinates the iron in the heme prosthetic group. Prevents formation of superoxide ion. Stabilizes the bound oxygen through direct coordination.3. When muscles are more active physiological conditions change to affect oxygen binding to Hemoglobin. Briefly describe the changes that occur and why this affects hemoglobin function. Draw the shifted curve on the graph above. A. What physiological conditions change during exercise (levels of what molecules are increasing/decreasing)? B. How do these molecules directly affect Hb’s structure ? What interactions does this stabilize ? C. How do these interactions affect the affinity of Hb for O2? How would this affect the binding curve for Hb? Draw on the graph provided. D. How will this shift in the binding curve affect the function of Hemoglobin ? E.Where does the physiological pO2 in the tissues fall on the O2 binding curve ? In the lungs ? Why is this physiologically important?
- Which of the following statements about the I state of hemoglobin is FALSE? a, iron ion is pulled to the plane of the heme ring b. stabilized by ion pairing at the dimers interface c. 2,3-bisphosphoglycerate shifts the RT equilibrium towards the T state O d. tense state of hemoglobinWhich of the following is incorrect about 2,3-bisphosphoglycerate (BPG)? It is highly (-) charged b. It prevents binding of O₂ to hemoglobin Oc. It binds only to the relaxed (oxy) conformation of hemoglobin Od. It binds in the space between the four subunits of hemoglobin a.1. What is the role of carbonic anhydrase in red blood cells at the tissue site? 2. Write the correct term that correlates with each the following symbols Hb = HbO2 = HbCO2 H+ O2 H2CO3 HHb HCO3 3. Using the symbols above and any others you may need, draw an illustration that shows the flow of O2 from lungs to tissue and CO2 from tissue to lungs.
- 8. Factor affecting the affinity of hemoglobin for oxygen a. Briefly describe how the following 4 factors affect the affinity of hemoglobin for oxygen: i. Bohr effect - ii. Carbon dioxide - iii. Temperature - iv. 2,3-bisphosphoglycerate - b. Fetal hemoglobin has affinity for O2 compared to adult hemoglobin.12. Explain how the oxygen dissociation curve is related to the properties and function of hemoglobin.3. а. The figure below shows a llama, a relative of the camel. One amino acid in camel haemoglobin ß subunits has been replaced by a different amino acid in llama haemoglobin ß subunits. Llamas live at high altitudes and camels live at low altitudes. At high altitudes the partial pressure of oxygen is low. The figure shows dissociation curves for llama haemoglobin and camel haemoglobin. 100 llama 80- camel saturation of 60- haemoglobin with oxygen (%) 40- 20 0- 0 2 4 10 12 14 16 partial pressure of охуgen (kPa) (i) What is the partial pressure of oxygen that results in a saturation of 50% in llama and camel haemoglobin? (ii) Explain why it is important for the survival of the llama that the llama haemoglobin dissociation curve is to the left of the camel haemoglobin dissociation curve. b. Complete the table regarding the affinity of oxygen in myoglobin and haemoglobin. In the blank, write “increase the affinity", "decrease the affinity" or “no change in affinity". Myoglobin Haemoglobin…
