5. You imagine that not all life forms (including viruses and aliens) must have double stranded DNA molecule as their genetic material. Theoretically, a genome can be made of single stranded DNA, single stranded RNA, double stranded DNA, double stranded RNA and a double stranded hybrid of DNA/RNA. Which type of genomes do the following organisms have? a) Genome 15% G, 0%T, 15%C, 35%U, 35%A b) Genome 31%G, 19%T, 31%C, 0%U, 19%A

5. You imagine that not all life forms (including viruses and aliens) must have double stranded DNA molecule as their genetic material. Theoretically, a genome can be made of single stranded DNA, single stranded RNA, double stranded DNA, double stranded RNA and a double stranded hybrid of DNA/RNA. Which type of genomes do the following organisms have? a) Genome 15% G, 0%T, 15%C, 35%U, 35%A b) Genome 31%G, 19%T, 31%C, 0%U, 19%A

Biology: The Dynamic Science (MindTap Course List)

4th Edition

ISBN:9781305389892

Author:Peter J. Russell, Paul E. Hertz, Beverly McMillan

Publisher:Peter J. Russell, Paul E. Hertz, Beverly McMillan

Chapter14: Dna Structure And Replication

Section: Chapter Questions

Problem 1TYK: Working on the Amazon River, a biologist isolated DNA from two unknown organisms, P and Q. He...

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5. DNA is made of two strands that are antiparallel. If one strand runs from 3' to 5' direction the other one will go from 5' to 3' direction. During replication or transcription, whatever the process is, it will always follow the 5' to 3' direction using the 3' to 5' directed strand as the template strand. Therefore, if following is the DNA sequence 5'-CCG ATC GCA CAA-3' a) Using this sequence as template after transcription no protein can be translated. Why? I. Presence of start codon II. Absence of start codon III. Due to mutation b) If you want to start the translation, what change you need in the second codon (from 5' to 3' direction)? I. Substitution of C with G II. No change III. Deletion of C IV. Both I & III
5. The nucleotide sequences of the DNA molecules in the figure below were obtained from four different individuals, one wild type and three mutants. Wild Type 5'-TTATCCATGATCGGATCGATCCATTAGCCGA-3' 3'-AATAGGTACTAGCCTAGCTAGGTAATCGGCT-5’ Mutant I 5'-ATCCATGATCGGATTGATCCATTAGCCGAAT-3’ 3'-TAGGTACTAGCCTAACTAGGTAATCGGCTTA-5’ Mutant II 5'-CCGTTATCCATGATCGGATAGATCCATTAGCC-3’ 3'-GGCAATAGGTACTAGCCTATCTAGGTAATCGG-5’ Mutant III 5'-CACCGTTATCCATGATCGGAACGATCCATTAGC-3’ 3'-CAGGCAATAGGTACTAGCCTTGCTAGGTAATCG-5’ a) Identify the open reading frames in each sequence of DNA and translate them into proteins. Write down the sequence of amino acids that will be obtained after translation: b) Which of the mutations above would be least likely to cause a change in the function of the protein? Why? c) Which of the mutations above would probably cause a major disruption in the function of the protein? Why?
4. Which of the following single-stranded DNA molecules would be palindromic in the double-stranded state? (A-T-G-C-C-G-T-A, G-T-C-A-T-G-A-C, A-T-G-C-T-A-C-G, G-C-T-A-T-G-A-C)
1. What are the similarities and differences between Bacterial Chromosomes & Eukaryotic Chromosomes? 2. What types of Plasmids are there and what advantage does each provide for the organism they are in? 3. What is the Central Dogma of Biology / Genetics? Transcription and translation takes place simultaneously 4. What is DNA Replication? Taking DNA and making a copy DNA is not a component of central dogma 5. What are the key stages, components, & enzymes involved in DNA replication? (Make sure you can tell the story) 6. What do the following terms mean/refer to? Semiconservative, Antiparallel, 5’-3’ Polymerization, dNTP’s, Bi-Directional Replication, Leading Strand, Lagging Strand, Continuous Replication, Discontinuous Replication, Methylation, Origin of Replication, Okazaki Fragments 7. What are the key stages, components, & enzymes involved in Transcription? (Make sure you can tell the story)
10. Replication is the flow of information from: a) DNAàDNA b) DNAà mRNA c) mRNAà polypeptide d) polypeptideà amino acids
5. The genetic evidence for a triple code (three nucleotides are responsible for one amino acid) comes from the following observation: * One or two nucleotide insertions created a mutated virus, while 3 nucleotide insertions had no effect on the virus. Three nucleotide insertions created a mutated virus, while one or two nucleotide insertions had no effect on the virus. Three or four nucleotide insertions created a mutated virus, while one nucleotide insertion had no effect on the virus. One or three nucleotide insertions created a mutated virus, while two nucleotide insertions had no effect on the virus.
2. Four different segments of a DNA molecule are represented below. Segment 1 T-A-G-G-C Segment 2 G-G-T-G-A Segment 3 G-A-T-T-A Segment 4 С-А-А-Т-G A-T-C-C-G С-С-А-С-Т C-C-A-A-T G-Т-Т-А-С In which sequence is there an error in the DNA?
12. The flow of genetic information usually takes place from a) RNA to DNA to proteins b) proteins to RNA to DNA c) DNA to RNA to proteins d) none of these
What are the base-pairing rules for DNA? a. A-G, T-C c. A-T, G-C b. A-C, T-G d. A-A, G-G, C-C, T-T
Figure 3.33 A mutation occurs, and cytosine is replaced with adenine. What impact do you think this will have on the DNA structure?
What are the base-pairing rules for DNA? a. A-G, T-C b. A-C, T-G c. A-T, G-C
Which of the following statements about DNA is false? a. Phosphate is linked to the 5 and 3 carbons of adjacentdeoxyribose molecules. b. DNA is bidirectional in its synthesis. c. Each side of the helix is antiparallel to the other. d. The binding of adenine to thymine is through three hydrogenbonds. e. Avery identified DNA as the transforming factor in crossesbetween smooth and rough bacteria.