My apologies for not providing the article earlier! Here is the question with the article. Due to upload limits imposed by Bartleby, I will provide the remaining text that cannot be given in images here.Please note, this extra text begins from the word "patient" from the second image:population. Suresh says that in recent years, vaccine development efforts have shifted away from live vaccines toward protein vaccines because an increasing number of people are living with compromised immune systems due to chemotherapy, radiation treatments or conditions such as HIV/AIDS. 5. Read the article on the following pages and answer the questions below. Be sure toreview the diagrams carefully!a. Compare and contrast the biochemical differences between traditionalvaccines and this newly developed vaccine. What makes one possibly moreeffective than the other?b. Choose from one of the following issues surrounding vaccines and explainwhy you think T-cell based or traditional vaccines would be better suited toaddress the concern?Vaccines for pregnant women or immunocompromised individualsCost and availability of vaccines in developing countriesReligious or cultural opposition to vaccinationNew T-cell-based vaccine strategy providesbroader protection against seasonal influenzaPhagocytenCelCelldestructionCall infectedT-cellReplicationCytokines15Activationof T-cellIn a study published in 'Cell Reports Medicine today (Sept. 22), scientists describe a T-cell based vaccine strategy that is effective against multiple strains of influenza virus. Theexperimental vaccine, administered through the nose, delivered long-lasting, multi-prongedprotection in the lungs of mice by rallying T-cells, specialist white blood cells that quicklyeliminate viral invaders through an immune response.The research suggests a potential strategy for developing a universal flu vaccine, "so youdon't have to make a new vaccine every year," explains Marulasiddappa Suresh, aprofessor of immunology. The findings also aid understanding of how to induce andmaintain T-cell immunity in the respiratory tract, a knowledge gap that has constrained thedevelopment of immunization strategies. The researchers believe the same approachcould apply to several other respiratory pathogens, including COVID-19. "We don'tcurrently have any vaccine for humans on the market that can be given into the mucosaand stimulate T-cell immunity like this," says Suresh. Traditional flu vaccines work by arming the immune system with an enhanced ability torecognize and fight off the flu virus. Vaccines introduce proteins found on the surface of fluviruses, prompting the immune system to produce antibodies that are primed to reactshould the virus attack. However, because strains must be predicted ahead of flu seasonin order o produce vaccines, the vaccine in any given year may not completely match theviral strains in circulation that season. Flu viruses frequently mutate and can differ acrosstime and from region to region. In addition, protection is neither long-lasting nor universal."Even though current vaccines that people get annually stimulate antibody responses,these antibodies don't cross-protect," notes Suresh. "If there is a new flu strain not found inthat year's vaccine, the antibodies that we generated last year won't be able to protect.That's when pandemics happen because there is a completely new strain for which wehave no antibodies. That is a really big problem in the field."The vaccine being developed is directed against an internal protein of influenza --specifically, nucleoprotein. This protein is conserved between flu strains, meaning itsgenetic sequences are similar across different strains of flu. The vaccine also utilizes aspecial combination of ingredients, or adjuvants, that enhance an immune response, whichthe researchers developed to stimulate protective T-cells in the lungs. These adjuvantsspur T-cells to form into different subtypes -- in the case of the experimental flu vaccine,memory helper T-cells and killer T-cells. By doing so, the vaccine leverages multiplemodes of immunity.OCytotoxic T cells recognizeinfected cell, leading to cell deathCylic T1. Immune attack2. Infected cell killed ✓APCS recruit2OB cells releaseneutralizing antibodiesBelsh1. Virus16cannot bind2. Cells not affected by virus ✓Killer T-cells hunt down and kill influenza virus-infected cells. Helper T-cells assist killer T-cells and produce molecules to promote influenza control. In laboratory studies, the teamfound that both T-cell types were needed to protect against flu. The vaccine's combinationof adjuvants makes it adaptable to other pathogens and "expands the toolbox" for vaccineresearch, notes Suresh. He and his team have devised ways to program immunity totarget multiple respiratory viruses. They are currently testing the same vaccine strategyagainst tuberculosis. The researchers believe the same vaccine technology can be appliedagainst SARS-CoV-2, the coronavirus that causes COVID-19. "Based on the COVID-19immunology, we know this vaccine strategy would most likely work," says Suresh.In the case of the UW-Madison team's vaccine, because it is a protein vaccine and not alive vaccine, it should be safe for delivery to those who are pregnant orimmunocompromised -- an advantage in delivering protection to a wider patient17Along with its adaptability, this vaccine approach may harbor important safety benefits.Typically, long-lasting T-cell immune responses are stimulated by live vaccines. Forinstance, the measles, mumps, and 'chickenpox' vaccines administered worldwide are live,replicating vaccines -- essentially benign versions of the pathogenic organism. These livevaccines stimulate strong, almost lifelong immunity. However, they can't typically be givento pregnant or immunocompromised individuals due to health risks.

Vaccination plays a crucial role in preventing the spread of infectious diseases and protecting…

5. Read the article on the following pages and answer the questions below. Be sure to review the diagrams carefully! a. Compare and contrast the biochemical differences between traditional vaccines and this newly developed vaccine. What makes one possibly more effective than the other? b. Choose from one of the following issues surrounding vaccines and explain why you think T-cell based or traditional vaccines would be better suited to address the concern? Vaccines for pregnant women or immunocompromised individuals Cost and availability of vaccines in developing countries Religious or cultural opposition to vaccination

5. Read the article on the following pages and answer the questions below. Be sure to review the diagrams carefully! a. Compare and contrast the biochemical differences between traditional vaccines and this newly developed vaccine. What makes one possibly more effective than the other? b. Choose from one of the following issues surrounding vaccines and explain why you think T-cell based or traditional vaccines would be better suited to address the concern? Vaccines for pregnant women or immunocompromised individuals Cost and availability of vaccines in developing countries Religious or cultural opposition to vaccination

An Illustrated Guide To Vet Med Term

4th Edition

ISBN:9781305465763

Author:ROMICH

Publisher:ROMICH

Chapter15: Feed And Protect Me

Section: Chapter Questions

Problem 1M

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In no more than 2 paragraphs, explain what vaccines are and how they work. Also, explain how the Covid vaccines work (pick one - Moderna, Pfizer or J&J), possible side effects and whether or not people should be concerned with receiving the vaccine. Lastly, discuss the arguments of anti-vaxxers and whether you agree or disagree with them.
What can you say about a positive latex agglutination test? Question 3 options: A It shows the patient is sick with the disease B It shows the patient has never been exposed to the disease C It shows the patient has both the antibodies and the antigen for a disease D It shows no agglutination E It shows the patient has the antibodies to a disease
25. How have scientists condensed the vaccine testing timeline? Are Phase 1, 2, and 3 trials still being completed? B U TI- X2 Write your answer... Video Answer recorder (optional) - Đ Voice
A 5-year-old child was hospitalized in a surgical hospital for planned surgery. Antibodies (IgG) to HBSAg were detected during the study of blood serum by immunoenzymatic method. There are no biochemical markers indicating viral hepatitis. Vaccinations were received according to the calendar of planned preventive vaccinations. 1. What can the research results indicate? 2. The doctor's tactics in relation to this child. 3. Describe the dynamics of antibody synthesis depending on the form and stage of the disease. 4. In what conditions, in addition to disease, can the dynamics of antibody synthesis change?
Answer the following questions: 1. Current vaccines include the Pfizer and Moderna vaccine which delivers_______encoding the S protein to human cells near the site of injection via a liposome, and the Johnson and Johnson vaccine which delivers a gene for the S protein (DNA) via an_______vector which results in an infection, but not_______. 2. Reactivation of HSV-1 is induced by _________________________ of the host.
1. Pathogens and vaccines with short incubation periods are not ideal for generating immunity against future infection. a. Why ??? b. What should the ideal incubation period length be? c. What are three additional requirements for a good vaccine? Need authentic and correct answer if your answer copied I report to bartleyby instantly
II. Two Tier Test. Encircle the letter corresponding to your chosen answer then rephrase the chosen statement to make it correct. 1. Which is not true of the spleen? a. The fetal spleen produces RBC. b. Antibodies are produced in the spleen by cells called fixed monocytes. c. The spleen is located in the LUQ of the abdomen. d. Fixed macrophages in it phagocitize pathogens in the blood. Rephrase: 2. Which is not true about the lymph nodes? a. There are three major groups: cervical, axillary and inguinal. b. During serious infection, they become swollen. c. They are located along the lymphatic ducts. d. They contain fixed macrophages and plasma cells. Rephrase: 3. Which is not true regarding thymus and immunity? a. The thymus is most active in the fetus and child. b. The thymus is located above the thyroid gland. c. T cells are the lymphocytes produced by the thymus. d. The thymus is necessary for T cells maturation. Rephrase:
Based on the experience of the Philippines with the dengue vaccine, what can you conclude regarding the use of vaccines? a. Vaccines should be tested for long period of time before allowing any individual to take the vaccine. b. Vaccines take time to bedeveloped and studied for their effectivity and effects. C. All aspects as on the long term effects of vaccines, its effect on children, pregnant women, effect to reproductive system, immediate side effects and many more should be analysed first. . All vaccines have side effects, only few individuals should have them. d. Vaccines that were tested for decades could be trusted for its safety but still precaution should be observed. e.
1. Answer the following: a. What is the significance of the three-dimensional shape (or geometry) of molecules in immunoassay methods? b. What is a radioimmunoassay (RIA) test in your own words.
This is for an immunology class 1. Name of a type of host defense mechanism 2. One of the types of 1. 3. Function of antibodies 4. Function of antibodies 5. Process by which different types of antibodies are generated
16. The presence of endotoxins in a sterile fluid indicates: a. the presence of gram-positive cell walls b. the presence of gram-negative cell walls c. gram-negative cells are growing d. gram-positive cells are growing 17. Which of the following vaccines is safe to administer to a patient who has a T-cell deficiency? a. attenuated whole agent vaccine b. inactivated, killed whole agent vaccine c. toxoid d. Sabin's polio vaccine e. b & c ||
A nurse administering chemotherapy through a peripheral IV notices a red streak at the IV site and the patient reports itching sensationThe IV has a robust blood return. What does the nurse suspect?A.Hypersensitivity reactionB.ExtravasationC.Flare reactionD.Venous irritation