5. 5. (Polyphenoloxidase is involved in the darkening of wheat products due to itsoxidative effect on endogeneous phenols. Darkened wheat products are unacceptableto consumers, and there has been a considerable effort to reduce genetic levels of PPOactivity in wheat germ plasm.a. Briefly describe the browning reaction in the bran layer of wheat that iscatalyzed by polyphenoloxidase using phenol as substrate.

Enzymes are highly specialized proteins that have extraordinary catalytic power, greater than that…

Answered: 5. ( Polyphenoloxidase is involved in…

Biology: The Dynamic Science (MindTap Course List)

4th Edition

ISBN:9781305389892

Author:Peter J. Russell, Paul E. Hertz, Beverly McMillan

Publisher:Peter J. Russell, Paul E. Hertz, Beverly McMillan

Chapter35: Plant Nutrition

Section: Chapter Questions

Problem 7TYK

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2. The pathways for the biosynthesis of the amino acidsglutamine (Gln) and proline (Pro) involve one or morecommon intermediates. Auxotrophic yeast mutantsnumbered 1–7 are isolated that require either glutamine or proline or both amino acids for their growth,as shown in the following table (+ means growth; −no growth). These mutants are also tested for theirability to grow on the intermediates A–E. What is theorder of these intermediates in the glutamine and proline pathways, and at which point in the pathways iseach mutant blocked?Gln +Mutant A B C D E Gln Pro Pro1 + − − − + − + +2 − − − − − − + +3 − − + − − − − +4 − − − − − + − +5 − − + + − − − +6 + − − − − − + +7 − + − − − + − +
1. You are studying a biochemical pathway and isolate Neurospora mutants I, II, and III. Mutant I can grow if you supplement the medium with Z. Mutant Il can grow if you supplement the medium with X, Y, or Z. Mutant III can grow if you supplement the medium with X and Z, but not with Y. Draw a biochemical pathway that shows the correct order for compounds X, Y, and Z and for the enzymes that each mutant is defective for.
Bruce Ames and his colleagues have pointed out that although detailed toxicological analysis has been conducted on synthetic chemicals, almost no information is available about the mutagenic or carcinogenic effects of the toxins produced by plants as a natural defense against fungi, insects, and animal predators. Tens of thousands of such compounds have been discovered, and he estimates that in the United States adults eat about 1.5 g of these compounds each daylevels that are approximately 10,000 times higher than those of the synthetic pesticides present in the diet. For example, cabbage contains 49 natural pesticides and metabolites, and only a few of these have been tested for their carcinogenic and mutagenic effects. a. With the introduction of new foods into the U.S. diet over the last 200 years (mangoes, kiwi fruit, tomatoes, and so forth), has there been enough time for humans to develop resistance to the mutagenic effects of the toxins present in those foods? b. The natural pesticides present in plants constitute more than 99% of the toxins we eat. Should diet planning, especially for vegetarians, take into account the doses of toxins present in the diet?
17. The following is a true statement regarding hydroquinone as depigmenting agents.... A. has a cytotoxic effect at high concentrationsB. is a weak antioxidantC. is a strong tyrosinase enhancerD. increase melanin synthesis
discuss the potential role of soy phytoestrogens in cancer.
Give me three ways that can overcome the problems during the micropropagation of jackfruit.
1. A variety of organic chelating ligands have been synthesized to tightly coordinate radioactive metal cations to identify and treat malig- nancies by coupling the metal complex to a polypeptide linker attached to a monoclonal antibody that binds specifically to a cell surface re- ceptor. One such metal complex is illustrated in the diagram on the right. The radioactive Cu-64 cation is tightly coordinated by the che- lating ligand that is, in turn, conjugated to a peptide linker attached to a monoclonal antibody. (The antibody is not shown in this diagram.) When coupled to a specifically designed monoclonal antibody, the complex binds specifically to somatostatin receptors that are ex- pressed on the surface of neuroendocrine tumors. Subsequently the entire complex with the receptor is internalized, i.e., passed into the cytoplasm, where the radioactive metal cation kills the malignant cell. CH3 HN NHNH HN NHNH HN НО НО NH HN HN HO S-S NH (a) dues in the polypeptide. Place the label…
2. After conducting enzyme activity assays with one enzyme and various substrates, you generate the following table. Substrate Putrescine Flavanol Tryptophan Anthocyanin Auxin Intracellular Concentration 5 x 10-6 M 5 x 10-5 M 5 x 10-³ M 5 x 10-4 M 5 x 10-5 M Kcat 50000 5000 500 50 5 KM 5 x 10-4 M 5 x 10-4 M 5 x 10-³ M 5 x 10-³ M 5 x 10-² M Which is most likely the natural substrate for this enzyme? Briefly justify your answer: Kcat/KM 1 x 108 1 x 107 1 x 105 1 x 105 1 x 10²
What are the for phytoglycogen confirmation properties in maize can that can determine the extracted glycogen in the plants. Present it nicely.
31. Define signal transduction and explain the basic components of a signal transduction pathway
A. Cyclin Expression Cycle 1. What are the two factors involve in the illustration Cyclin Expression Cycle? 2. Identify the cyclin fluctuation in every stage of the cell cycle. 3. What do you think is the role of cyclin fluctuation at a given stage of a cell cycle? Concentration G₁ cyclin G₁ Phase Cyclin Expression Cycle G₁/S cyclin S Phase S cyclin M cyclin G2 Phase M Phase
studied how soil management affects bacterial production of B-glucosidase, an important enzyme that that is critical for metabolism (breakdown) of plant material in the soil, which can affect soil quality - greater breakdown of plant materials (via greater activity of B-glucosidase) generally leads to better soil quality. Below are some results from the study: 6-glucosidase activity is measured as the number of transcript copies per gram soil (y axis for each experimental unit (a 2 gram scoop of soil), and the effect of soil type was analyzed via one-way (one factor) ANOVA. Figure 2: B-glucosidase activity for tillage (I), nontillage and no-cover (NC), cover crop plus herbicides (CH), and cover crops plus mower (CM) soils (F3,2=46, P 0.05 for the Tukey test). A) what could conclude only from the results of the F test if we set alpha at 0.05? B) state the null hypothesis for the ANOVA applied above C) to achieve the highest B-glucosidase activity in their soil, which solI treatment…

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