4. Suppose that, with the goal of stimulating aggregate demand in the next period (t + 1), the Government announces an increase in Gt+1(= Tt+1). Explain how agents' optimal decisions change with this policy and explain the effects on macroeconomic outcomes (P, Y, r). (2 marks).
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- 3) In the macroeconomic model below, Y is aggregate output, C is aggregate consump- tion, Io is aggregate investment, Go is government spending, T is the total amount of taxes collected by the government, and t is income tax rate. The variables Y, C, and I are endogenous, Go, Io, and t are exogenous, and a, b, and k are parameters. Y=C+ Io + Go C=a+b(Y-T) T=k+tY (a > 0,6€ (0,1)) (k>0, t€ (0,1)) Calculate the determinant of the coefficient matrix A associated with this system of equations. The determinant of the coefficient matrix A is: 1-b.+ bt a) A b) A-1-b-bt + a c) |A|=b+t d) A1+a+b-t e) |A| =Go+b+t f) A-Io-b+t 8) A = Go + Io +b-t3) In the macroeconomic model below, Y is aggregate output, C is aggregate consump- tion, Io is aggregate investment, Go is government spending, T is the total amount of taxes collected by the government, and t is income tax rate. The variables Y, C, and I are endogenous, Go, Io, and t are exogenous, and a, b, and k are parameters. Y = C + Io + Go C = a + b(YT) T=k+tY (a > 0, b = (0, 1)) (k > 0, t = (0, 1)) Calculate the determinant of the coefficient matrix A associated with this system of equations. The determinant of the coefficient matrix A is: a) |A| = 1-b+ bt b) |A| = 1-b-bt + a c) |A| = b + t d) |A| = 1+ a + b - t e) |A| = Go +b+t f) A = Iob+t g) A = Go + Io +b-tA neoclassical economist and a Keynesian economist are studying the economy of Vineland. It appeals that Vineland is beginning to experience a mild recession with a decrease in aggregate demand. Which of these two economists would likely advocate that the government of Vineland take active measures to reverse this decline in aggregate demand? Why?
- You are an economic advisor to the government. Discuss your opinion . a) How COVID-19 pandemic will affect the consumption behavior as well as the investment done by the firms and household for the next two years? b) What are the actions or policies that the government can implement to face this situation? please answers with analysis and --graph (if possible)QUESTION 1An individual lives for two periods and decides how much to consume in each period.- In the first period his consumption equals C1 and his income Y1 = 200- In the second period his consumption equals C2 and his income Y2 = 100He can save or borrow money in the first period to finance his consumption in the second period.The interest rate he gets in case he saves or has to pay in case he borrows money equals 7%.Determine the budget constraint of this individual. C2 = −0.935·C1 +314C2 =−1.07·C1 +314C2 =−0.8·C1 +314C2 =−1.08·C1 +314 QUESTION 2The total production of a good y is determined by the production function y = 3L2/3K1/3, where L is labour input and K capital input.The reward (factor prices) for labour and capital are, l = 27 en r = 2, respectively.The producer needs to produce 9000 units of good y.How much units of labour will he hire if he wants to miminize his total costs? 1587,4839,953000515,23 QUESTION 3A good is traded on a perfectly competitive…6) Suppose the economy is closed and is characterized by the following behavioral equations: C=C₁+C₁YD Y₁ = Y-T I=b₁ + b₂Y a. Government spending and taxes are constant. Solve for the equilibrium output. What is the value of the multiplier? How does the relationship between investment and output affect the value of the multiplier as compared to the case when investment was exogenous? For the multiplier to be positive what condition must (c₁ +b₁ ) satisfy? Explain your answers? b. Suppose that the parameter bo, sometimes called business confidence, increases. How will the equilibrium output be affected? Will investment change by more or less than the change in bo? Why? What will happen to national saving?
- 5. Consider the basic neoclassical model. Graphically analyze the effects of: (a) An increase in Gt+1 b) An increase in A t+1 c) A permanent increase in productivity In each case, describe clearly how each endogenous variable changes.6) According to the graph below, at which point is the consumer choosing to borrow in the first period in order to consume exclusively in that period?: * Consumer's Budget Constraint Second-period consumption C2 (1+r)Y1 +Y2 Y2 Y1+ v2/(1+r) Y2 First-period consumption C1 OA) Point A O B) Point B OC) Point C OD) Point D 7) According to New Keynesian theory, economic shocks can arise as a result of: * O A) Microeconomic imperfection O B) Lack of government spending on durable goods OC) Monetary neutrality OD) Excess monetary reserves(1)The following macroeconomic model describes the economy of Sunderland. 1. Y= C +I + G + NX 2. C = 220 + 0.63 Y 3. 1 = 1000- 2000R 4. G = Go 5. NX = 525-0.10Y-50OR 6. M (0.1583Y-1000R)P (a)ls it a fair characterization to refer to equation #2 as a "simple" consumption function? Explain. (b)Derive the expression for equilibrium real output, Y, for this economy. Note: In your final expression for Y, restrict coefficient values to three decimal points. (c) Suppose government spending is 1200 , money supply by the Central Bank is 900 and the price level is 1, find the value of GDP (Y) and equilibrium interest rate (R) for Sunderland. Income Identity Consumption function Investment function Government Expenditure Net export function Money market equilibrium (2)The questions in this section are related to the macroeconomic model of Sunderland. (a)The expression you are asked to derive in question #1b can be considered an aggregate demand curve. Do you agree? Explain your answer. (b)Sketch…
- 3) Suppose the economy is closed and is characterized by the following behavioral equations: C=C₁₂ +G₁Y₂ Y₂=Y-T 1=b₂ + b₂Y a. Government spending and taxes are constant. Solve for the equilibrium output. b. What is the value of the multiplier? How does the relationship between investment and output affect the value of the multiplier as compared to the case when investment was exogenous? For the multiplier to be positive what condition must ( + b) satisfy? Explain your answers? bo C. Suppose that the parameter sometimes called business confidence, increases. How will the equilibrium output be affected? Will investment change by more or less than the change in bo? 'Why? What will happen to national saving?12) Keynesian macroeconomic model with a single-time period lag on the consumption function described is initially equilibrium with the level of investment / = 500 Y₁ = C₁₂ + 1₂ Ct = 750+ 0.5Y-1 a) Determine the equilibrium level of income Y* b) Suppose now the level of investment is increased to I = 650 in one period and reverts to the initial level in subsequent periods. What is the level of income in the period when investment is distributed? Find the time period What is the level of the twelfth period, Yt=12? i. ii.B. Suppose that the economy is characterized by the following behavioral equations: C = 240 +0.75 Ya • I = 200 • G = 200 • T = 150 a) Identify or solve the following: C1 (1-q₁₂) . Y . C • multiplier . A . Z • Sprivate • Spublic