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- 7. A) What effect does the compound GppNHp, when applied to the inside of a cell during whole cell patch clamp recording, have on Cav2 channels at presynaptic terminals? B) What is the mechanism by which this compound affects G-protein signaling and Ca√2 channel activity? B. A.3) The “Met" receptor is a membrane receptor protein responsible for initiating signal transduction pathways that cause cells to divide, among other things. After the Met receptor has been stimulated by its specific growth factor, another protein called c- Cbl will bind to the Met receptor. C-Cbl will then attach a chain of small proteins called ubiquitin to the Met receptor. These chains of ubiquitin help the cell recognize that the Met receptor should undergo receptor-mediated endocytosis, which eventually leads to the destruction of the Met receptor. Circle any answer or answers that include mutations that could cause the cell to potentially become a cancer cell. A) a mutation causing there to be too much ubiquitin protein produced. B) a mutation causing c-Cbl to be inactivated. C) a mutation causing ubiquitin to be inactivated. D) a mutation causing there to be too few Met receptors produced. E) a mutation causing the Met receptor to no longer be able to bind to its growth factor.…1a) Create a diagram which illustrates the typical signaling mechanism of action G protein-coupled receptors and possible routes of communication (autocrine etc.). Should show the specific molecules involved, the mechanisms of signal transduction and indicate the different pathways that are activated. It should include a specific example of a receptor, ligand and signalling pathway for each general class. Include as wide a variety of ligands and modes of action as you can for a novel pathway.
- What is the main benefit of cell signaling via direct physical contact and cell signaling over short distances (ex: nerve cell signaling)?47. Order the sequence of Canonical signaling via Frizzled receptors. i) β-catenin can now promote proliferation and stem cell state ii) Frizzled receptor signals for dishevelled and axin binding to itself iii) LRP assisted with Wnt binding to frizzled receptor iv) Preventing the activation of GSK-β which signals for phosphorylation A. iii ->ii-> iv-> i B. iv-> iii -> ii-> i C. i-> ii-> iv-> iii D. iii-> iv-> ii-> iWhat is the main benefit of cell signaling via direct physical contact and cell signaling over short distqnces (ex.: nerve cell signaling)?
- 98. The correct sequence of cell signaling isA. Signal transduction in cells can happen in two fundamental ways once a signal arrives at the cell membrane. Using diagrams to aid your explanations, compare these two different types of signal transduction and explain why they occur differently. How is the signal amplified and briefly describe the kinds of cell responses (at least 4) that can occur in cells.298.EXPLAIN THE IMPORTANCE OF THE TERMINATION OF CELL SIGNALING, AND WAYS THIS CAN BE ACCOMPLISHED.
- 1. Based on the following description, draw the cell signaling pathway described (you only need to draw the pathway in one cell, but show the type of signaling described – you may need 2 diagrams). Compound X is released from cells in the pancreas and activates cells in the liver. What general type of cell signaling is this? When compound X binds its receptor on a liver cell, some of the amino acids (Y – one letter amino acid code) on the cytoplasmic side of the receptor are phosphorylated. Label what type of receptor this is. This leads to the receptor activating a cytoplasmic protein F which then activates a kinase K which then activates protein Z (diagram what is happening here – how is protein Z activated). Protein Z activation results in several genes being expressed. Label all your parts (don’t forget to label the ligand). Circle the signal transduction pathway and put a box around the cell response.Non-canonical Hedgehog signaling results in actin cytoskeleton rearrangements, leading to cellmovement and changes in cell shape. Describe how changes to the actin cytoskeleton lead to cellmovement and changes in cell shape.You do not need to draw out the signaling pathway again (#1b). Your answer should focus onthe changes to the actin cytoskeleton. Drawings will be helpful!Describe the functions of various components of intracellular signaling pathways with diagrams. Explain the three classes of cell-surface receptors.