(18) Consider a computer with 64-bit logical address with single-level paging. Assuming that the page size is 8M and the memory is byte - addressed. The physical memory is 32G. Which of the following is wrong? (a ) The maximum number of pages a process can have is 2 ^ 41 (b) The number of bits for physical memory is 35 (c) The maximum number of frames is 2^23 (d) the number of offset bits in page table is 23
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- (Practice) Although the total number of bytes varies from computer to computer, memory sizes of millions and billions of bytes are common. In computer language, the letter M representsthe number 1,048,576, which is 2 raised to the 20th power, and G represents 1,073,741,824, which is 2 raised to the 30th power. Therefore, a memory size of 4 MB is really 4 times 1,048,576 (4,194,304 bytes), and a memory size of 2 GB is really 2 times 1,073,741,824 (2,147,483,648 bytes). Using this information, calculate the actual number of bytes in the following: a. A memory containing 512 MB b. A memory consisting of 512 MB words, where each word consists of 2 bytes c. A memory consisting of 512 MB words, where each word consists of 4 bytes d. A thumb drive that specifies 2 GB e. A disk that specifies 4 GB f. A disk that specifies 8 GBSuppose a computer using fully associative cache has 224 bytes of byte-addressable main memory and a cache of 128 blocks, where each block contains 64 bytes.Q.) What is the format of a memory address as seen by cache; that is, what are the sizes of the tag and offset fields?Suppose a computer using direct mapped cache has 2^32 bytes of byte-addressable main memory and a cache size of 512 bytes, and each cache block contains 64 bytes. a. How many blocks of main memory are there? b. What is the format of a memory address as seen by cache, i.e., what are the sizes of the tag, block, and offset fields?
- Consider a memory system that generates 16-bits addresses and the frame size is 32-byte. At time To the status of the page table is given below. Page Table Entry Page # 1911 11 561 56 644 1068 1884 52 58 42 194 46 a) What is the maximum number of entries within a single page/frame? b) What is the maximum number of page table entries in the memory system? c) Using the given page table, determine the physical addresses for the following logical addresses. Write down the physical addresses in binary and decimal format. (i) (iii) 0101000010001011 1110101110010111 (ii) (iv) 0001100001100111 1110111011101001Suppose a computer system uses 16-bit addresses for both its virtual and physical addresses. In addition, assume each page (and frame) has size 256 bytes. 8 bits are used for offset, 8 bits are used for page # and the max number of pages a process can have is 256. e. Translate the following virtual addresses to physical addresses, and show how you obtain the answers. (Hint: You do not need to convert hexadecimal numbers to decimal ones.) 0x0389 0xDF78 0x0245 0x8012 f) Now, suppose that the OS uses a two-level page table. Draw the page table. (Assume that frames 7 through 221 are free, so you can allocate space for the page table there.) In addition, suppose that the page-table directory storage comprises a whole number of consecutive full frames. (For examples: if the directory entry is 2 bytes, the entry’s storage comprises 1 frame; if the directory entry is 260 bytes, the entry’s storage comprises 2 consecutive frames.) g)What is the size of the two-level page table…Suppose a computer using set associative cache has 216 words of main memory and a cache of 128 blocks, and each cache block contains 8 words. If this cache is 2-way set associative, what is the format of a memory address as seen by the cache, that is, what are the sizes of the tag, set, and offset fields?
- A 32-bit computer has a memory of 256 KB and a cache line size of 64 bytes. The memory cache access time is 5ns. This cache is 4-way associative and use LRU as a replacement algorithm. a) What is the number of lines and sets of this memory cache? b) What is the block size transferred between the cache memory and the main memory? c) If the time to transfer a line to cache memory is 200 ns, what is the hit ratio needed to obtain an average access time of 20 ns?Question 18 Suppose we have a byte-addressable computer using 2-way set associative mapping with 16-bit main memory addresses and 32 blocks of cache. Suppose also that each block contains 8 bytes. The size of the block offset field is bits, the bits. size of the set field is bits, and the size of the tag hield isSuppose a byte-addressable computer using set associative cache has 216 bytes of main memory and a cache of 32 blocks, and each cache block contains 8 bytes. a) If this cache is 2-way set associative, what is the format of a memory address as seen by the cache, that is, what are the sizes of the tag, set, and offset fields? b) If this cache is 4-way set associative, what is the format of a memory address as seen by the cache?
- Suppose a computer using fully associative cache has 224224 words of main memory and a cache of 512 blocks, where each cache block contains 16 words. a. How many blocks of main memory are there? b. What is the format of a memory address as seen by the cache, i.e., what are the sizes of the tag and offset fields? c. To which cache block will the memory reference 1604181616041816 map? Also... Suppose a computer using set associative cache has 216216 words of main memory and a cache of 128 blocks, and each cache block contains 8 words. a. If this cache is 2-way set associative, what is the format of a memory address as seen by the cache, that is, what are the sizes of the tag, set, and offset fields? b. If this cache is 4-way set associative, what is the format of a memory address as seen by the cache?Suppose a computer using fully associative cache has 224224 bytes of byte-addressable main memory and a cache of 128 blocks, where each cache block contains 64 bytes. (a) How many blocks of main memory are there? (b) What is the format of a memory address as seen by the cache? (c) To which cache block will the memory address 0xD87216 map?Suppose a byte-addressable computer using set associative cache has 2^24 bytes of main memory and a cache size of 64K bytes, and each cache block contains 32 bytes. a) If this cache is 2-way set associative, what is the format of a memory address as seen by the cache, that is, what are the sizes of the tag, set, and offset fields? b) If this cache is 4-way set associative, what is the format of a memory address as seen by the cache?