14. Let 7; (xi,x-i) denote the twice differentiable profit function for firm i as a function of the amount of a firm controls x; (price or quantity) and the amount of what the other firm controls x-i. Strategic complementarity: a. Means that 2 0 for all i. dx¿ðx-i b. Implies that the best-response functions in the space (xi, x-i) are downward-sloping. c. Means that Tii,P-i)< 0 for all ¿.. d. None of the above are correct answers.
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- 1. The market (inverse) demand function for a homogeneous good is P(Q) = 10 - Q. There are two firms: firm 1 has a constant marginal cost of 2 for producing each unit of the good, and firm 2 has a constant marginal cost of 1. The two firms compete by setting their quantities of production, and the price of the good is determined by the market demand function given the total quantity. a. Calculate the Nash equilibrium in this game and the corresponding market price when firms simultaneously choose quantities. b. Now suppose firml moves earlier than firm 2 and firm 2 observes firm 1 quantity choice before choosing its quantity find optimal choices of firm 1 and firm 2.1. Two firms (A and B) play a competition game (i.e. Cournot) in which they can choose any Qi from 0 to ¥. The firms have the same cost functions C(Qi) = 10Qi + 0.5Qi2, and thus MCi = 10 + Qi. They face a market demand curve of P = 220 – (QA + QB). a. Assume firm A chooses quantity first. Frim B observes this choice and then chooses its own quantity. What is Frim B's profit as a function of QA and QB? b. Firm B has MRB = 220 – 2QB – QA. What is firm B’s best response to an arbitrary QA selected by firm A? c. Given that firm A expects firm B’s best response, what is firm A’s profit as a function of QA? (Hint: the only unknown variable in the profit function should be QA) d. Firm A has MRA = 150 – 4QA/3. What are the equilibrium QA and QB selected in this game? e. What is the equilibrium price, and how much profit does each firm collect?3. The (market) inverse demand function for a good is as follows: 12- 2q if q = [0,6], if q> 6. Pp(q) = { 12 There are two firms: N = {1,2}. Each firm's cost function is such that producing a units of the good incurs cost 2r. We consider the Cournot competition of the two firms. That is, they simultaneously choose their quantities. The firms are profit-maximizers. (1) Find a Nash equilibrium. (2) What is the size of the deadweight loss incurred by the Duopoly, compared to the competitive equilibrium allocation?
- 1. Consider the following Cournot game: • There aren>1 firms. • Firm i, i 1, 2, · , n, chooses an output q; E [0, 0). .. • The market inverse demand is P = a – bq, where a, b > 0 and q = E=1 9i. • Firm i's cost function is ci(qi) cqi, where c > 0. || (a) Solve the monopoly problem, in which there is only one firm in the market. (b) Find the Nash equilibrium outputs with n firms. Find the price in the equilibrium. (c) Show that the Nash equilibrium of the above game covers cases of market outcomes arranging from monopoly (n = 1) to perfect competition (n →).4. In 2056, there are two mining firms operating on the moon, extracting Helium 3. Once both firms have entered the market, they compete a la Cournot. The market inverse demand function is given by P(Q) = 8 - Q. Assume that both firms have the total cost functions C(q) =2+2q. Let the star superscript* denote equilibrium quantities/prices/profits. Which of the following statements is true? (a) q₁ =q2 = 4 (b) qt > 92 (c) p* = 6 (d) π₁ < π₂ (e) T₁ = π = 2 the C6. Suppose the market demand for a homogeneous product is given by P = a-bQ, where a and b are positive constants. There are n identical firms, each of which is capable of producing the product at constant marginal cost c > 0. Assume can Problem 5. Consider following price competition between 2 firms. Both firms choose their prices (p, and p2) simultaneously and the market demand function given by q 10-min{p₁, P2}. Assume production costs are 0 for both firms. Thus, the payoff (profit) function for firm i is: u.(Pi. Pj) (10-P.)Pi (10-pi)Pi 2 Notice that this function is not continuous in pi 1 if Pi Pjhow do I solve A, B, C? 1. Suppose that fixed costs for a firm in the monopolistically competitive automobile industry are $50 and that variable costs are equal to $50 per finished automobile ( marginal cost $50). Because more firms increase competition in the market, the market price falls as more firms enter an automobile market, or specifically, P 50+ (20/n), wheren represents the number of firms in a market. Assume the size of the U.S. industry is 1000. Use the internal economies of scale theory to: (a) Calculate the equilibrum number of firms in the US without trade? (b) What is the equilbrium price of automobiles in the United States in autarky? (c) What is the equilibrium output per firm in the US in autarky?2. An industry contains two firms and the inverse demand function for the firms' output is P-180-30, where Q is the total output Suppose that firm I's cost and marginal cost functions are C(q)- 30q; and MC(q)-30, while firm 2's cost and marginal cost functions are C(q)-q² and MC(q)-2q2 a. Determine each firm's Nash equilibrium output. b. Determine each firm's profit at the Nash equilibrium output.1. Best responses in a Cournot Oligopoly Firm A and Firm B sell identical goods Total market demand for the good is: The inverse demand function is therefore 1 P(QM) = 780 -Q=780 -0.02222QM 45 QM is total market production (i.e., combined production of firm's A and B. That is: Q(P) = 35, 100- 45P 2M = A +QB As a result, the inverse demand curve for each firm is: P(QA, QB) = 780- -1/32₁-752 45 Unlike the example in class, the two firms have different costs. = 4000A TCA (QA) TCB (QB) = 260QB = 780 -0.022220A -0.02222QB a. Using the demand function and the cost functions above, what is firm A's profit function. b. Using the profit function above and assuming that firm B produces Qg, calculate what firm A's best response is to firm B’s decision to produce QB- Note: Firm A's best response should be a function of BThere are two firms in the market (duopoly). These two firms are competingsimultaneously. The first firm chooses its output level (x) by predicting the second firm’soutput (y). Let c denote the total cost function c(x) = x and c(y) = y. Also, let’s assumethat the inverse demand function is p(Y) = 7 - Y where Y = x + y. (1) Obtain the reactionfunction of the first firm. (2) Find the equilibrium (output and profit of each firm) whentwo firms simultaneously compete2. A homogenous good industry consists of two firms (firm 1 and firm 2). Their cost functions are cq and cq2, respectively, where c<2. The market demand function is p=10-Q, where Q=q₁+q₂. (a) Assume that the two firms play the Bertrand price game. Find the firms' choices in the Bertrand-Nash equilibrium. (b) Assume that the two firms play the Cournot quantity game. Find the firms' choices in the Cournot-Nash equilibrium. (c) Assume the two firms play the Stackelberg game with firm 1 as the leader. Find the firms' equilibrium choices in the Stackelberg equilibrium.SEE MORE QUESTIONS