10. Measure the diameter of impression using the profile projector and compute for the hardness number using the formula: Where: 2P P - Applied Load D- Diameter of steel ball (8.0 mm) d - Ave. diameter of indentation BHN %3D AD(D D² – d² Raw data: Diameter Specimen (carbon steel) d1 d2 Air cooled 5.13 5.22 Oil quenched Water quenched 4.12 4.36 3.74 3.81 Note: All dimensions are in mm.

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Axial Load

When a bar of the uniform cross-section is acted by a load, such that the load acts along the longitudinal axis of the bar, such kinds of loadings are known as axial loadings. In general terms, a load is an external force acting on a component. An axial load acts perpendicular to the geometric cross-section of the component. Based on the direction of the application of the load, an axial load can be tensile or compressive. The analysis of bodies under the action of axial loads is generally studied under the branch of mechanics, known as statics.