Essay about income inequality

There are different types of communities within academic disciplines. According to Ann M. Johns, “Discourse Communities and…”, each community serves a different purpose and has a specific goal intended for its readers. In this instance, academic communities depict that there are distinct fields that every individual chooses to be part of, and how each community has its own expectations and style of writing. The academic disciplines range from biology, political, science, history, and many more. In this paper, I will state the particular expectations that the political science community expects from its scholars within the political theory field. Also, how some political science writers use similar or different writing traits to get their message

Making welfare a “temporary, transitional program” (Barbour 242) has been tried and tested, but just like an addiction, once welfare has been introduced it is nearly impossible to remove (Pomeroy 39).

For example, when the writes was talking about reality he said, “college sports are big business, and the system that caps student salaries at zero.” This expounds how the universities and colleges are gaining billions of dollars each year through their sporting events, but not giving even a penny to their students who play, train and risk their lives at these sports events. The author uses his diction to create a mode of anger and irritation at the colleges for using and just replacing their athletes who are the ones who gain the billions of dollars for their colleges and universities. In the end, the author uses his evidences to persuade the colleges into giving back something for their sports

rhetorical by impressing us with facts. Jill Leopore writes "income inequality is greater in the

“The Extraordinary Science of Addictive Junk Food.” “They Say / I Say": The Moves that Matter in Academic Writing with Readings., 3rd ed., edited by Gerald Graff et al. Norton, 2015, pp.

Judith Butler wrote this article to argue against the belief that scholarly writing is overcomplicated just to boast intelligence. Butler begins by explaining how scholars, whose work topics focus on he humanities, are accused of bad writing by the journal Philosophy and Literature. She believes that intellectuals in such fields should explain how their work interplays in everyday life, but that these intellectuals should also create new ways of looking at the world. A more socially just world would be possible if common sense were to be challenged. Butler’s definition of common sense is different than traditionally thought of. While common sense may be defined as having good judgment in practical matters to most, she seems to define it as an old way of thinking, stating that, “Many quite nefarious ideologies pass for common sense. For decades of American history, it was ‘common sense’ in some quarters for white people to own slaves and for women not to vote.” (p.147) She thinks that for society to improve,

essays’ summaries related to income inequality from the They Say I Say book that greatly

Ms. Christina Sommers, Resident Scholar at the American Enterprise Institute, critiqued the AAUW’s research on the gender wage gap. She points out that “the AAUW’s 6.6 cents includes some large legitimate wage differences masked by over-broad occupational categories” (Sommers 2014). For example, the social sciences occupational category includes careers in economics (male dominated field) and sociology (female dominated field), with a $30,000 difference in yearly salaries. According to Sommers, this over inflates the gender pay gap. “With more realistic categories and definitions, the remaining 6.6 gap would certainly narrow to just a few cents at most” (Sommers 2014). Though this may be a logical argument, there is no direct proof to substantiate this claim. Furthermore, even a 2-3% gender wage gap would have detrimental consequences to the lifetime earnings of a woman. Therefore, the gender pay gap is only proven to be reduced to 6%. Focusing on the statistics that demonstrate the shrinking of the gender wage gap side steps the broad social justice issues that are contained in the gender earnings

In his speech following The Lilly Ledbetter Fair Pay Act, President Obama mentioned the significance of this Act towards the fight. He said, “Equal pay is by no means just a women's issue; it's a family issue." He went on to say that the issue is the fact that "...so many folks are already working harder for less and struggling to get by…" (Obama). Unequal pay over the years has pushed a more significant economic demise than what companies payed for litigation costs on cases against fair pay. As for fewer education opportunities, those same studies conclude that despite the challenges, "...women earn higher grades than men…" despite some personal and social challenges ("Reports"). Furthermore, according to Hadas Mandel, a Senior Lecturer in the Department of Sociology and Anthropology, in the last ten years, there has been greater number of women graduating from colleges, hence balancing the gap between the level of women and men earning doctoral and professional degrees

Authors constantly write books or articles and those books or articles appeal to their audience in many different ways. They often apply all of the Aristotelian Appeals or they sometimes manage to get their point across with just one or two of the appeals. Writers for American Scholar write with these appeals in mind and they try to get the reader to feel a certain way after reading their article. Anne P. Beatty’s comparative descriptions illustrate that children in South Central LA experience more violence than the media reveals.

Although Stoker and Moore use different mediums, both authors showcase the influences of class has on the power of speech and mental health; speech gives credibility to the upper class while mental health

In an interview with Lalo Gonzalez, a lecturer from University of California, Santa Barbara’s Molecular Cell and Developmental Biology Department, he discusses what the field of Biology entails with regards to writing. As a first generation person of color who is a faculty member in a STEM field, Lalo represents a minority voice and had to work even harder to comprehend the scholarly writing within Biology. He specifically talks about how biology requires a certain structure. To understand and communicate in Biology, one must understand the scientific jargon used.

The author George Monbiot is an English activist and writer. He was educated in Buckinghamshire and in Brasenose College, Oxford. He worked as a journalist at BBC World Service and established his website ArrestBlair.org. Monbiot currently writes a weekly column at for The Guardian. The “Self-Attribution Fallacy” covers social and economical backgrounds of rich people. It covers the reasons behind

His first section begins with addressing the idea and how he understands why “It seems so easy at first to dismiss identity from academic writing. Writing for academic exposition or argument is perceived to be objective, analytical, and impersonal.” (710) He also addresses the fact that in academia, we all perceive that “Identity distracts the reader from the data and analysis and focuses instead on irrelevant issues such as the gender, class, cultural background, or experiences of the writer.” (710). However, as we continue into the article, the second section defines what exactly is academic writing, so he makes the argument that academic writing is not necessarily having the writer be completely detached from their academic works. He makes the argument, “If we admit that there are different ways of creating knowledge, then we must also acknowledge that such differences can be influenced by the culture around us. Once we find ourselves thinking about culture we are also thinking about identity.” (711). Then, he begins to go more in-depth about his explanations and reasonings. He argues that lack of identity is impossible and that readers will always assume who is the author. “When we pick up a piece of academic writing, without explicit descriptions about the identity of the author, we often move to our cultural default setting of whom we assume the author to be.” (712). Then, he creates a solution to the teachers with whom he is speaking to: “We can start by teaching students to understand that the detached impersonal position of a writer in much academic work is a performed identity and by encouraging them to ask questions about the identity.” (714). With this fully thought out thought process, the reader begins to understand the way Williams is thinking, versus if he made a statement in the beginning and made multiple claims to back up his

In “The Race for Theory”, Barbara Christian a black, woman author examines the shortcomings of past literary theories, those developed under a phallocentric regime, and attempts to structure a new pratical theory . The race for theory, in Christian’s words, is “a takeover in the literary world by Western philosophers from the old literary elite, the neutral humanists” (Christian 1859). Because of this race for theory, many black, female, and/or third world writers speak in a different language that is “opposed to [their] needs and orientation” in order to obtain academic hegemony (Christian 1860). However, in this case, hegemony might be far-fetched since the voices of “people of color, feminists, radical critics, creative writers” might not even be heard in the white-male dominated academic world (Christian 1860). The major-minor binary epitomizes this problem of a white-male dominated academic world. In this