White Collar Crime Research

#5. Identify the principal agents who expose white collar crime in contemporary society. What factors motivate people to expose such crime, and what factors inhibit them from doing so? What specific policy measures can be adopted to encourage exposure of white collar crime?

White-collar crimes are just as prevalent today as ordinary street crimes. Studies show that criminal acts committed by white-collar criminals continue to increase due to unforeseen opportunities presented in the corporate world, but these crimes are often overlooked or minimally publicized in reference to criminal acts on the street. Many street crimes are viewed as unnecessary, horrendous crimes because they are committed by lower class citizens, whereas white collar crimes are illegal acts committed by seemingly respectable people whose occupational roles are considered successful and often admired by many (Piquero, 2014). These views often allow white collar crimes to “slip through the cracks” and carry lesser charges or punishment.

Most people, when they hear the word “crime,” think about street crime or violent crime such as murder, rape, theft, or drugs. However, there is another type of crime that has cost people their life savings, investors’ billions of dollars, and has had significant impacts of multiple lives; it is called white collar crime. The Federal Bureau of Investigation defines white collar crime as

White collar and corporate crimes are crimes that many people do not associate with criminal activity. Yet the cost to the country due to corporate and white collar crime far exceeds that of “street” crime and benefit fraud. White collar and corporate crimes refer to crimes that take place within a business or institution and include everything from Tax fraud to health and safety breaches.

Both white collar and organized crime involve a system of networks of criminals working in concert, with white-collar crimes being committed to enhance and further the interests of the company through the guise of personal gain, but organized crime main objective is to bring profitable enhancement to the head of the crime group while moving up in the organization.(Humphrey & Schmalleger, 2012) The issues with white-collar crimes is that it is usually committed by a person of respectability and high school status in the course of his or her career, while organized crime is a group of three or more people with the aim of making money (Humphrey & Schmalleger, 2012) White-collar criminals are rarely arrested or punished for their offenses due

In this assignment, you will examine the various criminal theories that were discussed in the reading. In a page or two, explain which theories best explain white collar crime.

White-collar crime occurs by the government agencies and different professional such as doctor, lawyer, pharmacist, contractor, and politician. People must have employed, non-violent and economical stable to committee’s white-collar crime. Nowadays, there are many types of the frauds are associated with the white-collar crime. Edwin Sutherland was described detailed information about white-collar crime in 1939. In technical terms the fraud is committed through a specific person in society and sometime the issues creates difficult to find actual result. Depending on the situations, there are many variation associated with the white-collar crime. The initial part consider with the personal and during this situation objective work with the individual

While white collar crime can be defined in various ways, in the textbook, Understanding White Collar Crime, it is defined as “crime committed by a person of respectability and high social status in the course of his occupation”

"The concept of white-collar crime was certainly not invented in order to provide comfort for standard approaches to causation in criminology," (Nelken, 2007, p. 744). White-collar crime is certainly a complex issue to study from a theoretical perspective, not least because of the inherent diversity among the types of white collar crimes, among the types of white collar criminals, and among the types of victims. Certainly, the same theories that address crimes such as domestic theft and burglary can have some bearing on understanding white-collar crime. Both white-collar and other types of theft-like activities involve the deliberate breaking of laws, social codes, and norms. There may be at play similar variables such as psychopathology. Prevailing theories of crimes like burglary and domestic theft can also be applied equally as well to white-collar crime. For example, strain theory and control theory can both be relevant to the study of white-collar crime.

There is much seriousness about the issue of white-collar crime. What is white-collar crime you may ask. White-collar is defined as, ‘a generic term for crimes involving commercial fraud, cheating consumers, swindles, insider trading on the stock market, embezzlement and other forms of dishonest business schemes. The term comes from the out of date assumption that business executives wear white shirts and ties. It also theoretically distinguishes these crimes and criminals from physical crimes, supposedly likely to be committed by "blue collar" workers.” Many people do not realize how serious white-collar crime is. There are many different forms of white-collar crime, our textbook states, “white-collar or economic crime includes (1)

Thousands of white collar crimes go unnoticed except for the ones that have to deal with extremely violent crimes. For example, drug traffickers have to find a way to make their money seem legal so they use all forms of money laundering. Most people in today's society think that Wall Street is the center of all white collar crimes while this might be true not every white collar criminal works on Wall Street. White collar crimes have been going on since the 1900s, year after year, billions of dollars are lost due to all the ways money is being made or stolen illegally. Some of these white collar criminals have been living off money laundering, fraud, extortion, and many more means. The United States of America has been the source of all the

White collar crime is immovably on the rise, thanks to our technologically advancing society. Forgery and counterfeit is another growing form of white collar crime. These acts are defined as imitating or counterfeiting documents or signature for the cause of lying to someone. From the year 1984 to 1993 Forgery and counterfeit increased twenty-one percent and it is still growing (U.S. Dep. Of Justice 240). The growth in white collar crime incidents has also contributed to a rise in cost to the nation. According to National Fraud Center statistics, the cost of economic crime has grown from five billion in 1970 to one-hundred billion in 1990, and is only expected to increase as circumstances become more frequent. I believe in the future white collar crimes will go and violent crimes will decrease. The National White Collar Crime Center (NW3C), a nonprofit agency that supports state and local police in their efforts to stop, investigate and prosecute economic and high technological crime, reports that while arrests for violent crimes have decreased in recent years, arrests for white collar

White collar crime has been recognized as something that is an issue since 1939 when it was brought up in a political meeting by Edwin Sutherland. Sutherland was interested in the fact that people of the working class were not being noticed for the crimes that some of them are involved in. The concern was that the criminal activity that was being addressed during this time were predominantly trivial crimes. While they were getting all the attention while corporate criminals were going virtually undetected. The definition Sutherland attached to these criminals was centered on the varieties of crimes that they committed. White Collar crime is defined as a criminal act perpetrated

Quinney (1964), “Because the validity of white collar crime as a form of crime has been a subject of severe controversy, the question of conceptual clarity has largely been ignored. Today, as a result, the meaning of the concept is not always clear” (p208).

Edward H. Sutherland coined white-collar crime in 1939. To which he defined it as a “crime committed by a person of respectability and high social status in the course of his occupation.” (Payne, 2013). He had multiple different definitions of what white-collar crime was. Sutherland had three significant classifications of who committed white-collar crimes, as well as what type o white-collar crimes they committed. He stated that white-collar crimes were committed by people that were very respected. These individuals that are committing these crimes typically commit these crimes while they're executing the duties of their jobs and their jobs and how they perform their job roles help to assist them in the execution of their criminal activities. Finally, the jobs that they are in are typically jobs that others view/see as very professional/legitimate occupations.