ANTIDIABETIC
Diabetes mellitus is a chronic disease that involves the changes of blood glucose level in body systems. This disease usually inherited from generation to generation and sometimes it is due to lack of insulin produced by the pancreas. As the insulin produced is decreased, the blood glucose level will increase thus distressing the metabolism and damaging the body’s systems especially the blood vessels in kidneys, hearts, eyes and nervous systems (Nagappa et al., 2003).This disease have three different subtypes, type I (insulin dependent diabetes mellitus, IDDM), type II (non-insulin dependent diabetes mellitus, NIDDM) and gestational diabetes mellitus.
Type I diabetes is caused by the body attacking its own pancreas with antibodies and lead to failure in producing the insulin to stabilize the glucose in body. For type II diabetes, it is common among the adulthood
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Mulberry and blueberry are examples of the berries species that contain high antioxidants and low in calories. These berries may contribute in minimizing and preventing the risk of diabetes due to the presence of high amounts of phenolic compound and flavonoids such as anthocyanin. It may exhibit neuroprotective and anticancer activity (Wang Y, Xiang L, Wang C, Tang C, He X, 2013). The reaction of the antioxidants in berries related to the reduction of oxidative stress and inhibition of macromolecular oxidation in fruits that high in phenolic compound (Larson, 1988). The anthocyanin content also have other health-related function such as anticancer, antiaging and antiobesity. However, the research regarding these functions still in progress and some of the research still needs a further improvement. The rich content of poplyphenol in berries helps in reducing the oxidation and producing the insulin to reduce the blood glucose
This excessive amount of sugar leads to serious health problems. There are two types of diabetes conditions, Type 1 diabetes and Type 2 diabetes. Type 1 diabetes, also known as insulin-dependent diabetes, is a severe form of diabetes in which insulin production by the cells of the pancreas is damaged. This damage in which insulin productions is impaired usually results in the body needing external sources of insulin. The hormone insulin convers sugar, starches and other food into energy that the body needs. Type 1 diabetes is usually affects children and young adults. It was previously known as juvenile
Diabetes is a disease where the body is unable to produce or use insulin effectively. Insulin is needed for proper storage and use of carbohydrates. Without it, blood sugar levels can become too high or too low, resulting in a diabetic emergency. It affects about 7.8% of the population. The incidence of diabetes is known to increase with age. It’s the leading cause of end-stage renal disease in the US, and is the primary cause of blindness and foot and leg amputation. It is known to cause neuropathy in up to 70% of diabetic patients. Individuals with diabetes are twice as likely to develop cardiovascular disease. There are two types of diabetes: Type 1 and Type 2.
Diabetes is a growing concern and health challenge for the American people (b). Diabetes is a condition in which the body cannot react to insulin appropriately or either cannot produce insulin efficiently (w). “Without a properly functioning insulin signaling system, blood glucose levels become elevated and other metabolic abnormalities occur, leading to the development of serious, disabling complications” (w). There are numerous forms of diabetes amongst the nation, however, there are three main forms of diabetes. Most people have heard of type one diabetes, type two diabetes, and gestational diabetes because they are common. Type two diabetes deals with a resistance to insulin, while
Diabetes Mellitus (DM) or Type 2 Diabetes is seen as a metabolic disease that is categorized by abnormally high blood glucose or hyperglycemia. Diabetes Mellitus is also formerly known as noninsulin-dependent diabetes mellitus and is the most common form of diabetes that is seen. Insulin is a hormone that is supplied to the body that allows us to efficiently use glucose as fuel. When carbohydrates are broken down into sugars in the stomach glucose enters the blood circulation simulating the pancreas to release insulin in an appropriate amount to become used for energy. With diabetes mellitus the body does not properly make use of the insulin supplied for the body. This causes the pancreas to produced an extra amount if insulin which the body cannot keep up with, causing an imbalance to the blood glucose levels (American Diabetes Association, 2015). In the united states diabetes affects almost 29.1 million people, while the another 86 million people have pre-diabetes but do not know. It is also known as the 7th leading cause of death in the country in the recent years (MedicineNet.com, 2016). For a patient suffering from a chronic form of diabetes mellitus understanding how these mechanisms lead to the condition can be used as preventative measures. Potential consequences as well as the causes and clinical manifestations will ensure a better knowledge on the issue to monitor the condition.
Type 1 diabetes is when one’s pancreas produces a very small amount of insulin, or none at all. Sadly, there is not a cure for those with no insulin; individuals with type 1 diabetes are diagnosed for life. This diabetes is commonly found in people under the age of twenty. Type 2 diabetes is common in adults, and is found in about ninety percent of individuals diagnosed with diabetes (“Diabetes Info: Everything You Need to Know about Diabetes”). Type 2 diabetes is when one’s body does not make enough insulin to support itself, basically one’s body doesn’t know how to use its insulin correctly. Type 2
Type 1 and type 2 diabetes are different disorders with different causes. Type 1 diabetes is an autoimmune disease. The immune system destroys the insulin producing cells, also known as beta cells, in the pancreas. Type 1 is also known to appear shortly after a viral infection. The
Firstly, those who have Type 1 diabetes; do not produce any insulin. Type 1 diabetics experience broken down fat and have high ketone levels, which destroys the insulin produced by beta cells located in the pancreas.Symptom development depends on the number of beta cells that are destroyed. Type 1 can also be caused by genetic factors, also it is believed that diabetes can be caused from environmental factors. However, type 2 diabetes occurs when insufficient amounts of insulin are produced. Alos, it supplies some insulin, but not enough to maintain healthy blood glucose levels. Typically, this particular type of diabetes occurs in the mid-forties, and there is a genetic factor, over three-quarters are overweight. Diabetes can be regulated by exercise, diet, weight loss, and oral medications to lower blood glucose levels. Millions of people have diabetes and are not aware of it, that is why it is important, to become familiar with symptoms of this disease and its risk
Diabetes is a long-term metabolic condition characterized by high blood sugar levels. There are three major categories of the disease, type 1 diabetes occurs when the body produces minimal or no insulin, type 2 diabetes is when the body produces either little insulin or the cells are unable to respond to insulin, gestational diabetes mainly occurs during pregnancy. Non-Insulin Dependent Diabetes Mellitus, which is, type 2 diabetes is the most prevalent. The major complication that is caused by Type 2 diabetes is unremitting hyperglycemia, which leads to numerous changes in the body. There are several alterations in cellular, cardiovascular, and nervous functioning, which contribute to complications such as neuropathies and heart
Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a condition in the body that is related to a faulty metabolism. It means that the body’s metabolism is not functioning properly, which leads to adverse effects in the health. The food we ingest, gets broken down into blood sugar (glucose), which is what fuels our body in the form of energy. This converted glucose needs to enter our cells so that it can be used for energy and growth. And in order for the glucose to enter our cells, there needs to be insulin present, which the beta cells of the pancreas is responsible for producing. This hormone is responsible for maintaining glucose level in the blood. It allows the body cells to use glucose as a main
There are two different types of diabetes seen in patients. Type 1 occurs when the body’s normal cells are attacked by there own body. In this case, the body doesn’t make enough or react well to the hormone, insulin. The body is still getting sugar from the food we eat, however it doesn’t get to where its needed in order to function properly. In some cases, type 1 diabetes occurs for an unknown reason. Type 2 diabetes is the most common form of this disease. This type
There is two types of diabetes, Type 1, which is an autoimmune disease in which the immune system attacks the pancreas, causing it to stop insulin production. There is no known trigger for it, and is often blamed on genetics. Type 2 diabetes is often referred to as Adult
Type one diabetes is an autoimmune disease, commonly diagnosed in children and young adults, in which an individual’s pancreas doesn’t produce enough or any insulin at all. Insulin is a hormone that allows the body to breakdown food we eat in order to create energy. Type one diabetes takes place when the body’s immune system attacks and extinguishes beta cells, or insulin producing cells, found in the pancreas. There is no known
Diabetes mellitus (DM) or simply diabetes, is a chronic health condition in which the body either fails to produce the amount of insulin needed or it responds inadequately to the insulin secreted by the pancreas. The three primary types of diabetes are: Diabetes Type 1 and 2, and during some pregnancies, Gestational diabetes. The cliché for all three types of diabetes is high glucose blood levels or hyperglycemia. The pathophysiology of all types of diabetes mellitus is related to the hormone insulin, which is secreted by the beta cells of the pancreas. This hormone is responsible for maintaining an optimal glucose level in the blood. It allows the body cells to use glucose as a main energy source. Due to abnormal insulin metabolism, in
Diabetes is one of the most common non-communicable diseases in the world with currently 347 million people living with the condition and was the direct cause of approximately 1.5 million deaths in 2012 (WHO). It is a condition that occurs when the body cannot provide enough insulin or cannot use the insulin that is produced effectively. Insulin is what allows glucose to enter the body’s cells for energy so without it, too much glucose stays in the blood stream. The insulin is what regulates blood sugar and without it, it can cause damage to the body. There are two types of diabetes, Type 1 is caused when the pancreas cannot produce insulin and is less common in diabetic patients. Type 2 diabetes (NIDDM) is caused when the body does not
Diabetes Mellitus is “a group of metabolic diseases characterized by hyperglycemia resulting from defects in insulin secretion, insulin action or both. It is a disease which is caused by the insufficient insulin secretion or decrease in the peripheral effects of insulin. It is a serious problem in terms of morbidity and mortality. The hyperglycemia is associated with long term damage, dysfunction and failure of various organs especially the eyes, kidneys, nerves, heart and blood vessels. It’s associated with many complications which includes blindness of the eyes and amputations of the extremities. It is also associated with neuropathy, retinopathy, and cardiovascular diseases which lead to mortalities.